
Prof. Dr. Elena Marassinova
Elena Marassinova ist seit Januar 2024 wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin in der Abteilung für Osteuropäische Geschichte. Ihre Stelle wird durch ein Fellowship der Philipp-Schwarz-Initiative der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung für gefährdete Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler (Scholars at Risk) finanziert. Ihr Forschungsschwerpunkt liegt auf der russischen Geschichte des 18. Jahrhunderts und sie arbeitet derzeit an dem Projekt „Die Todesstrafe im Russland des 18. Jahrhunderts“. Zudem ist sie Mitglied der Forschungsgruppe Empire Studies: (Post)Colonial Histories and Global Entanglements an der Universität Münster.
Im Sommersemester 2025 bietet sie die Vorlesung "Theater of the Body in Russia, 16th–18th Centuries: Social Control and Representation of Ruling Power" an.
Zur Person
- Seit Jan. 2024 Gastprofessor und Dozent, Historisches Seminar, Abteilung für Osteuropäische Geschichte, Universität Münster. Fellowship Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, Philipp-Schwartz Initiative.
- 2022 – 2023 Teilnehmer am Forschungsprojekt. Philosophische Fakultät; Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde und Historische Hilfswissenschaften; Universität Tübingen. Tübingen. Thema des Kooperationsprojekts: Bedrohte Ordnungen.
- 2022 Gastforscher. Das Nordost-Institut: Institut für die Geschichte und Kulturgeschichte der Deutschen im nordöstlichen Europa.
- 2022 – 2023 Gastdozentur. Institut für Geschichtswissenschaft, Geschichte Osteuropas, Universität Bonn.
- 2016 – 2022 Professur. Hochschule für Wirtschaft, Moskau, Russland. (Gekündigt aus politischen Gründen)
- 2009 Habilitation mit dem Thema: Der ideologische Einfluss der Politik der Autokratie auf das Bewusstsein der Elite des russischen Adels in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts (auf Grundlage von Gesetzgebung und Korrespondenz).
- 1993 – 2022 Leitende Wissenschaftlerin, Institut für Russische Geschichte, Russische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Moskau, Russland. (Auf eigenen Wunsch ausgeschieden)
- 1992 Titel Doktorin der historischen Wissenschaften. Thema der Dissertation: Sozialpsychologie des russischen Adels des 18. Jahrhunderts (basierend auf Korrespondenz).
- 1985 – 1991 Promotion (Aspirantur), Staatliche Lomonossow-Universität Moskau, Historische Fakultät. Betreuer: Akademiemitglied Leonid Milov.
- 1980 – 1985 Studium der Geschichte an der Staatlichen Lomonossow-Universität Moskau, Historische Fakultät. Abschluss: Diplom (M.A.) mit Auszeichnung.
Forschungsinteressen und -schwerpunkte
- Russische Geschichte (16.–20. Jahrhundert
- Öffentliches Bewusstsein und Mentalität, historische Anthropologie (18.–19. Jh.)
- Mechanismen sozialer Kontrolle und Repräsentation von Macht im Russischen Imperium
- Geschichte der Todesstrafe in Russland (16.–20. Jh.)
- Die Fronde des russischen Adels und russische Literatur (18.–19. Jh.)
- Geschichtsmethodologie: Quellenkunde
Publikationen (Auswahl)
Monographien
- Psikhologiya elity rossiyskogo dvoryanstva posledney treti XVIII v. (Po materialam perepiski), (oscow, 1999).
- Vlast' i lichnost' (Ocherki russkoy istorii XVIII veka), (Moscow, 2008). Wissenschaftspreis im Namen von Metropolit Makarius.
- Zakon i Grazhdanin v Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVIII veka: ocherki istorii obshchestvennogo soznaniya, (Moscow, 2017). Marc Raeff Prize.
Beiträge für Sammelbände
- “Publichnoye pokayaniye” v Peterburge pervoy poloviny XVIII veka: po materialam konsistorii, in: Schippan, Michael; Vehma, Manuela (ed.): Der Vorderen Reihe der Russlandhistoriker Peter Hoffmann zum 100. Geburtstag, (Berlin, 2025).
- Pavel Levashev, in: Thomas, David; Chesworth, John A. (Ed.): Christian-Muslim Relations. A Bibliographical History. Russia (1800-1914), (Leiden, Boston, 2025), Volume 23, P. 69 – 73; 81 – 90.
- The Problem of the Succession to the Throne in Eighteenth-Century Russia: The "Declaration of Rights" and "Pravda Voli Monaršej" in Catherine II’s Papers, in: Baudin, Rodolphe; Evstratov, Alexei; Keenan, Paul; Rjéoutski, Vladislav (Ed.): Russia, Europe and the World in the Long Eighteenth-Century. Proceedings of the Xth International Conference of the Study Group on Eighteenth-Century Russia, Strasbourg, 2023, P. 29 – 40. DOI: 10.4000/books.pus.36296
- Prostranstvo nakazaniya pokayaniyem: ot Kremlya do Solovetskogo monastyrya (delo ubiyts Zhukovykh vtoroy poloviny XVIII veka), in: Makhotina, Ekaterina (et.): Monastère et prison. Les lieux d’enfermements en Europe de l’ouest et en Russie du Moyen âge jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine, (Moscow, 2023), P. 260 – 276.
- The Prayer of an Empress and the 18th Century Death Penalty Moratorium in Russia, in: Gibson, William; Stevens, Laura; Volk-Birke, Sabine (Ed.): Early Modern Prayer, (University of Wales Press), 2017, P. 36 – 55.
- The Alexander Brückner archive and an unknown diary of the period of the Decembrist uprising, in: Levitt, Marcus; Waegemans Emmanuel (Ed.): «A Century Mad and Wise»: Russia in the Age of the Enlightenment, (Groningen, 2015), P. 127 – 152. ISBN: 978-90-819568-8-8
Beiträge für Peer Rewiev-Zeitschriften
- Le rôle des monastères dans le droit pénal et religieux: la pratique de la pénitence dans la Russie du XVIIIe siècle, in: Abdela, Sophie; Bastien, Pascal (et.): Criminocorpous. Revue Hypermedia: History de la Justice, des Crimes et des Peines. Enfermements: Pratiques, expériences et parcours de détention (XVIe-XIXe siècles), 23 (2023).
- Dynastic Law or the Will of the Emperor: On the Problem of the Succession to the Throne in Eighteenth-Century Russia, in: Journal for Eighteenth-Century Studies, 45 : 3 (2022), P. 293 – 304.
- Forced Penance in Russian Monasteries in the Second Half of the 18th Century: From Punishment of the Body to Correction of the Soul, in: Russian History, 49 : 2 – 4 (2022), P. 363 – 376.
- Geistliche als Ermittler: Die Kirche und das Ermittlungsverfahren in der zweiten Hälfte des 18. Jahrhunderts in Russland, in: Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, 69 : 3 (2021), S. 395 – 419.
- Death Penalty Moratorium in 18th Century Russia, in: Quaestio Rossica. 7 (2019), P. 1086 – 1106.
- The Prayer of an Empress and the 18th Century Death Penalty Moratorium in Russia // Journal of Religious History, Literature and Culture: "Studies in Early Modern Prayer: Conflicts and Crossings". 2017. V.3. November. №2. P.36-55.
- Punishment by Penance in 18th-Century Russia: Church Practices in the Service of the Secular State, in: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 17 : 2 (Spring) (2016), P. 305 – 332.
- [Association of the Study of Eastern Christian History and Culture -ASEC admitted my article my article Punishment by Penance in 18th-Century Russia: Church Practices in the Service of the Secular State, in: Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History, 17 : 2 (2016, Spring), P. 305 – 332, as the best one in English in 2016.]
Beiträge für Zeitschriften
- Kazn' posle kazni: vlast' i telo prestupnika posle smerti v Rossii nachala XVIII v., in: Вивлиоѳика: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 12 (2024), P. 32 – 57.
- Ponyatiye "politicheskaya smert'" v Rossii pervoy poloviny XVIII v., in: Belyayev, L.A.; Zakharov, V.N. (Eg.): Zhizn' i smert' v Rossiyskoy imperii. Novyye otkrytiya v oblasti arkheologii i istorii Rossii XVIII-XIX vv., (Moscow, 2020), P. 223 – 237.
- Strakh Bozhiy i sud gosudarstvennyy: "svyashchennik-doznavatel'" v sisteme sudoproizvodstva v Rossii vtoroy poloviny XVIII veka (po novym arkhivnym istochnikam), in: NLO, 162 (2020), P. 71 – 78.
- “Lisheniye chesti i dostoinstva” v Rossii XVIII veka, in: NLO, 151 : 3 (2018), P. 43 – 64.
Lehrveranstaltungen
- 2024 – 2025: Gastprofessor und Dozent. Historisches Seminar, Abteilung für Osteuropäische Geschichte, Universität Münster (Deutschland). Theater of the Body in Russia 16th – 18th Centuries: Representation of Ruling Power.
- 2022 – 2023: Gastprofessor und Dozent. Institut für Geschichtswissenschaft, Geschichte Osteuropas, Universität Bonn (Deutschland). Channels of Social Control in Russia in the 16th – 18th Centuries.
Mehr als 20 Kurse an der Lomonossow-Universität Moskau und der Higher School of Economics, Moskau (s. Vita).
Forschungsprojekte 2022 – 2025
1. Forschungsprojekt: Monarch and Criminal: The Attitude of the Authorities to the Death Penalty as a Tool of Social Control (Russia of the 18th Century)Spotlight: The project is dedicated to the attitude of the authorities to the death penalty as one of the most important mechanisms of social control and representation of the image of the monarch. The death penalty is considered in a wide context from criminal law to the ritual of execution or, conversely, pardon, on the basis of extensive documentary material of the Russian 18th century.
Description of the scientific problem, research hypothesis: The death penalty is the cruelest existential and at the same time "intimate" form of contact between the monarch and the subject. That is why the most important methodological approach to studying this phenomenon should be the analysis of the relationship between the highest authority and the criminal — two key actors and antagonists in the act of execution.
Research period: The topic will be studied on the basis of Russian history of the 18th - early 19th centuries, since this particular period is characterized by a rapid evolution of attitudes towards the death penalty and contains unique material for comparative analysis. Following the tightening of criminal law under Emperor Peter I and Empress Anna Ioannovna, a twenty-year moratorium was introduced in 1741 and strictly observed, which was confirmed in the second half of the reign of Catherine II, after the public executions of participants in the Pugachev uprising. The moratorium was introduced on the territory of the newly annexed regions by one of the first imperial decrees.Research problems of the project:
- The sacrament of crowning the kingdom and the right of the monarch to the highest court;
- Public execution: the body of the emperor and the body of the criminal;
- Church sacraments of chrismation of the monarch and repentance of the criminal before the death penalty;
- The personality of the monarch and the death penalty.
Project was approved.
- 2024 – 2025 Fellowship von der Philipp-Schwarz-Initiative der Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
Publications related to the project:
- “Publichnoye pokayaniye” v Peterburge pervoy poloviny XVIII veka: po materialam konsistorii, in: Schippan, Michael; Vehma, Manuela (ed.): Der Vorderen Reihe der Russlandhistoriker Peter Hoffmann zum 100. Geburtstag, (Berlin, 2025).
- Kazn' posle kazni: vlast' i telo prestupnika posle smerti v Rossii nachala XVIII v., in: Вивлиоѳика: E-Journal of Eighteenth-Century Russian Studies, 12 (2024), P. 32 – 57. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21900/j.vivliofika.v12
2. Forschungsprojekt: Women's Monasteries in Russia in the Second Half of the 18th Century and the Punishment of Criminals by Repentance
Spotlight: This project is dedicated to the threats and destruction of the traditional order in the Russian convents under the influence of secularization and changes in the criminal punishment of criminals for serious crimes. Both threats came from the state and were related to the government's interest in using the economic and controlling potential of the monasteries.
Description of the scientific problem,
Changes in the criminal law were associated with a de facto moratorium on the death penalty, which was broken three times under Catherine II, and a gradual renunciation of torture during the criminal investigation. The secular state courts began to sentence criminals, especially murderers, to repentance in monasteries instead of the death penalty and corporal punishment. The fast impoverishment of monasteries and the duty of spiritual re-education of criminals imposed on them created an increased threat to the traditional order in women's monasteries, since it was difficult for the nuns of especially small and remote monasteries to keep former murderers under their control.Research hypothesis and issues of the project:
Secularization and using of church practices to punish criminals led to a threat to the traditional order in convents, which was expressed in the following phenomena:- There were places of detention, the so-called "monastic prisons" in the impoverished convents. Spiritual mentorship over the murderers was assigned to the most authoritative old conventual.
- The mobilization of internal disciplinary reserves of a convent was aggravated by the strengthening of external social control: the abbess of a convent had to constantly report on the spiritual correction of criminals to the state administration.
- The situation in women’s monasteries was further exacerbated by familial structures prevailing in 18th-century Russian society, where husbands could compel unwanted wives to take monastic vows.
Project was approved.
- 2022 – 2023 Teilnehmer am Forschungsprojekt. Philosophische Fakultät; Institut für Geschichtliche Landeskunde und Historische Hilfswissenschaften; Universität Tübingen. Tübingen. Thema des Kooperationsprojekts: Bedrohte Ordnungen.
Publications related to the project:
- Prostranstvo nakazaniya pokayaniyem: ot Kremlya do Solovetskogo monastyrya (delo ubiyts Zhukovykh vtoroy poloviny XVIII veka), in: Makhotina, Ekaterina (et.): Monastère et prison. Les lieux d’enfermements en Europe de l’ouest et en Russie du Moyen âge jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine, (Moscow, 2023), P. 260 – 276.
- Le rôle des monastères dans le droit pénal et religieux: la pratique de la pénitence dans la Russie du XVIIIe siècle, in: Abdela, Sophie; Bastien, Pascal (et.): Criminocorpous. Revue Hypermedia: History de la Justice, des Crimes et des Peines. Enfermements: Pratiques, expériences et parcours de détention (XVIe-XIXe siècles), 23 (2023). DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/criminocorpus.13135
- Forced Penance in Russian Monasteries in the Second Half of the 18th Century: From Punishment of the Body to Correction of the Soul, in: Russian History, 49 : 2 – 4 (2022), P. 363 – 376. DOI: https://doi.org/10.30965/18763316-12340054