Recent studies revealed that regular cardiovascular exercise might improve learning and memory formation. Remarkably, the positive effects have also been shown as a result of a single bout of cardiovascular exercise in terms of acute effects. To date, the neurophysiological mechanisms are little understood. Hence, the current study aimed at investigating the acute effects of high-intensity cardiovascular exercise on motor performance and learning of a fine motor task and associated changes in oscillatory brain activity via electroencephalography (EEG). The results revealed no improvements in the fine motor learning task due to high-intensity exercise. Interestingly specific changes in the alpha- and especially beta-frequency bands emerged over ipsilateral sensorimotor regions. Future studies are required to investigate whether these changes play a functional role in the acute effects of cardiovascular exercise on motor learning. Journal link