10.10.2017 |
Institute Meeting |
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Sorry, no abstract available yet. |
17.10.2017 |
Remote Sensing in Conflict Analysis and Human Rights Fact-Finding |
Christian Knoth |
Institute for Geoinformatics, WWU Münster |
Timely and detailed information on violent conflicts is essential to assess their impact on civilians and to document human rights issues, such as large-scale destruction and displacement. Remote sensing provides unique capabilities to collect such information and to overcome limitations of ground-based conflict documentation, especially in remote and insecure areas. This presentation will briefly introduce different application fields of remote sensing in a human rights context. I will then give an example by describing my recent work on the use of Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) for the detection of conflict damage in bi-temporal remote sensing images of Darfur, Sudan. I will also provide an outlook on how human rights fact-finding based on remote sensing may benefit from an increased availability of open or low-cost data as well as Free and Open-Source Software (FOSS). In addition, some technical and non-technical issues regarding the use of remote sensing and geospatial technologies in this politically precarious field will be discussed. |
24.10.2017 |
Modelling the world with PCRaster |
Oliver Schmitz |
Utrecht University |
Numerical simulation models are essential tools in understanding, analysing and predicting change of environmental systems. Modelling languages aid environmental scientists in the construction of these simulation models. The PCRaster team at Utrecht University (http://pcraster.geo.uu.nl/) develops concepts for spatio-temporal model construction and implements these in their environmental modelling language. The presentation will give a brief introduction to the PCRaster modelling platform and its Python framework work for model construction and execution. We show results from modelling studies, amongst others coming from global hydrology or geo-health. Furthermore, two of our current research themes will be illustrated: First, a better model representation of human-natural systems requires the integration of the field-based and agent-based modelling paradigms. We currently develop and apply a unified data model capable of storing field and agent data, the data model will be basis of a new environmental modelling language. Second, approaches such as hyper-resolution modelling require a better exploitation of available hardware resources. We discuss challenges of a generic modelling platform providing parallel algorithms suitable for execution on shared-memory and distributed-memory systems. |
31.10.2017 |
Reformation day (no GI Forum) |
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Sorry, no abstract available yet. |
07.11.2017 |
Measuring and Modelling Spatial Cognition in the City |
Ed Manley |
CASA, University College London |
Despite a wealth of advances in behavioural psychology, geography, and neuroscience, conventional measures and models of urban transportation typically ignore the interaction between spatial cognition and travel decision-making. This talk will cover research aiming to bridge this gap, covering the application of new forms of mobility data, novel models of spatial decision-making, and agent-based simulation. Specifically, the talk will describe the analyses of route choices made during over 700,000 vehicular journeys in London, highlighting how travellers deviate from optimal paths between origin and destination towards particular features on the road network. This research supports a hypothesis that route choice decision-making takes a heuristic rather than optimising form within this context, and computational models are subsequently introduced to reflect these behaviours. These models of decision-making are integrated within a large-scale agent-based simulation of traffic in London, United Kingdom, demonstrating an improvement on existing methods. |
14.11.2017 |
Geo-Information for analysing and governing cities |
Karin Pfeffer |
ITC Twente |
Geo-Information, derived from a variety of data sources and by means of different methods and tools, is increasingly used in urban analyses and becoming embedded in urban governance processes. Examples are the spatial mapping and analysis of geocoded register or census data to investigate spatial patterns of socio-economic characteristics, processing remote sensing imagery to map urban dynamics, or GIS-based monitoring applications to follow key indicators such as air pollution levels or housing price developments. Drawing on examples from past research in different geographic contexts, this talk will present: 1) an overview of urban deprivation mapping in Indian cities (Baud et al. 2010; Kuffer et al. 2016), 2) the use of different information sources to produce a typology of transit oriented development applied to Beijing, China (Lyu et al. 2016), 3) a GIS-based monitoring system to monitor spatial concentrations of urban phenomena in the city of Amsterdam (Veldhuizen & Pfeffer, 2016), and 4) GIS practices in local governments in selected cities in the Global South (Baud et al. 2014). The talk concludes with discussing the potential and challenges of using Geo-Information in urban analysis and governance in different geographic contexts (Pfeffer & Verrest, 2016). |
21.11.2017 |
Sensitivity analysis and verification of Agent Based Models |
Arend Ligtenberg |
Wageningen University |
Agent Based Models (ABM) are increasingly used as simulation tool to model social-ecological system (SES) such as cities or agricultural systems. SES are often regarded as complex adaptive systems that show non-linear behaviour and lack clearly identifiable causation due to large numbers of entities in the system (humans, animals).
Despite the promising features of ABM to represent such systems there are a number of major issues. First, collecting data to identify behaviour of the represented system is cumbersome. Second it is difficult to assess how an ABM is influenced by its parameters and input variables. Common used sensitivity methods are not directly applicable to ABM.
In this talk I will present 1) a project in the Mekong Delta of Vietnam where we combined ABM with Role Playing Games (RPG) to define and verify behaviour rules of small holder shrimp farmers and 2) a research project were sensitivity methods have been developed for ABM that help to identify tipping points and resilience in SES simulations. |
28.11.2017 |
Institute Meeting |
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Sorry, no abstract available yet. |
05.12.2017 |
A Primer on Structure and Laws in GIScience |
Franz-Benjamin Mocnik |
Heidelberg University |
Structures have turned out to often be invariant under paradigm shifts and are thus an integral part of many theories. However, in GIScience most research focusses on technological and ontological foundations, while laws and structurally stable results are still rare. Tobler's first law of geography is one of the widely known exceptions, though even that law appears to be much less rigorous than comparable counterparts from the natural sciences. In my talk, I present three different examples from the field of GIScience that would benefit from a more structural point of view. First, I discuss how maps are structurally different from texts, which is why they can often not serve for the purpose of telling stories in the same way as text can render complex narratives. Secondly, a structural understanding of the concepts of data quality and fitness for purpose is imparted. Both concepts have been explored for decades, but theoretical foundations of how different quality indicators relate to each other are yet to be discovered. Finally, the example of geographical data is discussed in a more general approach. The guiding question thereby is: how are geographical data shaped by geographic space, and how can the characteristics of geographical data be traced structurally? |
12.12.2017 |
A model-based assessment of the environmental impact of land-use change in Southern Amazonia |
Rüdiger Schaldach |
Kassel University |
During the past decades the expansion of agricultural land has led to a massive conversion of rainforest and Cerrado ecosystems in Southern Amazonia (Brazil), thus degrading biodiversity and altering environmental processes. Although, in the last couple of years the rate of land conversion could be significantly reduced, e.g. by agricultural intensification and environmental protection policies, deforestation rates are on the rise again due to increasing global demands for food, bioenergy and biomaterials, going hand in hand with only weak law enforcement. This presentation introduces a model framework that has been developed with the objective to improve the information basis available to scientists and policy makers, regarding the effects of global change and national environmental policies on future agricultural development and the resulting land-use change. Results from a scenario exercise portray different plausible trajectories of land-use change until 2030 and their impact on climate, water, soil and natural habitats. |
19.12.2017 |
How Interactive Maps Work |
Robert Roth |
University of Wisonsin - Madison / University of Twente |
Advances in personal computing and information technologies have fundamentally transformed how maps are produced and consumed, as many maps now are highly interactive and delivered online or through mobile applications. Increasingly, students need to learn how to encode geographic information based on sound cartographic principles as well as how to code a useful and usable interface for exploring the resulting maps. While much of the empirical research in cartography over the past half century has addressed representation design, evaluating the graphic symbols employed to communicate meaning in geographic information, relatively few empirical studies in cartography approach interaction design, research that is needed to understand how to successfully create digital mapping interfaces that meet user needs and promote geographic understanding.
My research grapples with the central question “How do interactive maps work?” In this presentation, I first make the case for cartography in the ever-widening discipline of GIScience by highlighting a series of recent developments in the United States. I then provide an overview of my recent contributions to interactive map design, introducing a composite taxonomy of interaction primitives—the basic building blocks of interaction design that mirror the visual variables in representation design—and walking through several case studies that demonstrate how the interaction primitives can be used to advance both cartographic science and practice. I conclude by discussing how I have refreshed the cartography curriculum at UW-Madison to meet the demand for a new generation of interactive cartographers. |
09.01.2018 |
Open Source business in practice: Earth observation and more |
Markus Neteler |
Mundialis.de |
In my talk I'll present some of our current projects at mundialis, a "free data with free software" startup business. mundialis (https://www.mundialis.de) specializes in the evaluation of remote sensing data and the processing of massive geodata for different purposes. We rely on Free and Open Source GIS in order to create tailor-made solutions for our customers. One of our main focuses lies on the Sentinel satellite data from the European Copernicus program. Time series of these satellites are processed on demand and offered as OGC web services (with added value, i.e., atmospheric correction, estimation of indices, etc.). Satellite images time series provide information on changes in land use, soil moisture, surface temperature or vegetation phenology.
In my presentation I will showcase several ongoing and completed projects for WHO, ESA, industry and research fields with focus on geospatial and EO data analysis and high performance computing platforms. The software stack of mundialis includes GRASS GIS, GDAL, QGIS, GeoServer, and SHOGun which enable us to realize applications like "maps mundialis" (Sentinel-2 frontend, https://maps.mundialis.de), "EO-me" (Earth Observation Metadata Enhancer, https://eome.mundialis.de), and a long-term landscape change analysis based on Landsat and openNRW data.
The growth of mundialis over the past two years highlights the fact that enterprises can be based on and contribute to Free and Open Source software by applying innovative business models. |
16.01.2018 |
Agent-based modelling of individuals’ activities in space and time: approaches for large-scale simulation |
Theo Arentze |
Eindhoven University of Technology |
Activity-based models constitute the core of large-scale micro-simulation systems that hold many promises for policy evaluation in urban and transportation planning. Using micro-simulation, the new models offer a wealth of information for policy making. However, existing models predict behavior cross-sectionally for a random day of the life of simulated individuals. Although this approach is convenient, it is too restrictive for taking dynamic behavior and bounded-rationality into account. Individuals are reluctant to change existing habits and respond emotionally to losses and gains compared to a reference situation. The field has recognized the need for extending the time-frame of activity-based models and make the transition from static to dynamic modeling of behavior. First steps in this direction have recently been made and are supported by new GPS-based survey technologies which allow collection of activity-travel behavior data for longer periods of time. Although dynamic models offer appealing new perspectives, they also raise new issues when it comes to implementation in large-scale simulation systems and application in practice. In this presentation, I review approaches in the area of dynamic activity-based models for large-scale micro-simulation and discuss theoretical and computational issues as well as first experiences. |
23.01.2018 |
Modelling and Mapping Earth Surface Processes using Statistical and Machine Learning Techniques |
Alexander Brenning |
Friedrich Schiller University Jena |
Novel analysis and prediction methods developed at the intersection between computer science and statistics have been gaining popularity in recent years in Earth surface process modelling and mapping using, for instance, geomorphometric and remotely-sensed predictor variables. These techniques promise to improve predictive performances by overcoming the limitations of statistical models, making better use of highly correlated and interacting predictors such as terrain attributes calculated at different resolutions, or image filter banks. However, these possible improvements come at the cost of potential overfitting and limited interpretability of models. This talk discusses the potential and pitfalls of novel and 'traditional' methods in case studies such as landslide susceptibility modelling and environmental remote sensing. |
30.01.2018 |
Institute Meeting |
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Sorry, no abstract available yet. |