Prof. Dr. Andreas Stracke
Prof. Dr. Andreas Stracke

Professur für Geochemie (Prof. Stracke)

Corrensstraße 24, Room 208
48149 Münster


Phone: +49 251 83-33487
Fax: +49 251 83-38397

stracke.andreas@uni-muenster.de

  • Research areas

    My research focuses on the understanding of the present-day physical and chemical structure of the Earth's mantle and crust as well as its physical and chemical evolution over geologic time. Within this general framework, my research has covered a range of subjects from global questions addressing the causes and development of mantle heterogeneity, the interaction of the Earth's mantle with other major reservoirs (continental crust, core), and the estimation of the bulk composition of major Earth reservoirs, to more localized aspects of melt generation and melt evolution. Hereby, the development of analytical techniques for high-precision isotope and trace element measurements and the development of quantitative tools for the investigation of local and large-scale chemical cycles is an integral part of my research.

  • Teaching

    • Geochronology
    • Introduction to Geochemistry
    • Analytical Geochemistry, Mantle Geochemistry
    • Modern techniques in isotope geochemistry
    • Isotope geochemistry

 

  • CV

    Education

    Habilitation (Venia Legendi) ETH Zürich
    -
    PhD Florida State University
    -
    MSc Eberhard Karls University Tübingen

    Positions

    since
    Professor for Geochemistry
    -
    Lecturer ETH Zürich
    -
    Research Scientist MPI für Chemie
    -
    Post Doc MPI für Chemie Mainz
    -
    Post Doc Cambridge University

    Honors

    Certificate of Excellence in reviewing - Chemical Geology
    2012 Editor's citation for excellence in reviewing - American Geophysical Union
    Returning German scientists from foreign countries - Alfried Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach-Stiftung German Scholars Organization
    Doctoral Fellowship (HSP-III) - German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)

  • Projects

    • CRC TRR 170 - Subproject C03: Preservation of 182W heterogeneities in the Earth's mantle – implications for the timing and nature of late accretion ( - )
      Third-party funding : DFG - Collaborative Research Centre | Project Number: TRR 170/1
    • New constraints on the bulk composition and compositional evolution of the Earth from La-Ce isotope measurements ( - )
      Third-party funding : DFG - Individual Grants Programme | Project Number: STR 853/5-1
    • Origin and magmatic evolution of carbonatites and associated silicate rocks from Amba Dongar, India ( - )
      Third-party funding : DFG - Individual Grants Programme | Project Number: STR 853/7-1
    • MIRC - Establishing the Core facility Münster Isotope research center ( - )
      Third-party funding : DFG - Individual Grants Programme | Project Number: STR 853/3-1
    • Förderprogramm "Rückkehr deutscher Wissenschaftler aus dem Ausland" - Förderung eines Mikro-Röntgenspektrumeters ( - )
      Third-party funding : German Scholars Organization e. V.

  • Publications

    • Smart, K.A., Tappe, S., Ishikawa, A., Pfänder, J.A., and Stracke, A. (). K-rich hydrous mantle lithosphere beneath the Ontong Java Plateau: significance for the genesis of oceanic basalts and Archean continents. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 248, 311-342. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.01.013.
    • Wiilig, M., Stracke, A. (). Earth's chondritic light rare earth element composition: Evidence from the Ce–Nd isotope systematics of chondrites and oceanic basalt. Earth Planet. Sci Lett., 509, 55-65. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2018.12.004.

    Articles in Journals
    • Taetz S, John T, Bröcker M, Spandler C, Stracke A. (). Fast intraslab fluid-flow events linked to pulses of high pore fluid pressure at the subducted plate interface. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 482, 33-43. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.10.044.
    • Stracke A, Tipper ET, Klemme S, Bizimis M. (). Mg isotope systematics during magmatic processes: Inter-mineral fractionation in mafic to ultramafic Hawaiian xenoliths. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 226, 192-205. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2018.02.002.
    • Willig, M., Stracke, A. (). Accurate and precise measurement of Ce isotope ratios by thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS). Chem. Geol., 476, 119-129. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2017.11.010.
    Articles in Encyclopedia
    • Stracke, A. (). Mantle Geochemistry. In W.M. White (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Geochemistry, p. 12. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. doi: DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-39193-9_286-1.

    • Tappe, S., Romer, R.L., Stracke, A., Steenfelt, A., Smart, K.A., Muehlenbachs, K., Torsvisk, T.H. (). Sources and mobility of carbonate melts beneath cratons, with implications for deep carbon cycling, mantle metasomatism and rift initiation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 466, 152-167. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2017.03.011.
    • Tappe, S., Brand, N.B., Stracke, A., van Acken, D., Liu, C.-Z., Strauss, H., Wu, F.-Y., Luguet, A., Mitchell, R.H. (). Plates or plumes in the origin of kimberlites: U/PB perovskite and Sr-Nd-Hf-Os-C-O isotope constraints from the Superior craton (Canada). Chem. Geol., 455, 57-83. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.08.019.

    Articles in Journals
    • Kumari, S., Paul, D., Stracke, A. (). Open system models of isotopic evolution in Earth’s silicate reservoirs: implications for crustal growth and mantle heterogeneity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 195, 142-157. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2016.09.011.
    • Jochum, K.P., Wilson, S.A., Becker, H., Garbe-Schönberg, D., Groschopf, N., Kadlag, Y., Macholdt, D.S., Mertz-Kraus, R., Otter, L.M., Stoll, B., Stracke, A., Weis, U., Haug, G.H., Andreae, M.O. (). FeMnOx-1: A new microanalytical reference material for the investigation of Mn–Fe rich geological samples. Chem. Geol., 432, 34-40. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.03.026.
    • Tappe S., Smart K., Stracke A., Romer R., Prelević D., van den Bogaard P. (). Melt evolution beneath a rifted craton edge: 40Ar/39Ar geochronology and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope systematics of primitive alkaline basalts and lamprophyres from the SW Baltic Shield. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 173(null), 1-36. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.10.006.
    • Genske, F.S., Beier, C., Stracke, A., Turner, S.P., Pearson, N.J., Hauff, F., Schaefer, B.F., Haase, K.M. (). Comparing the nature of the western and eastern Azores mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta., 172, 76-92. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.019.
    Articles in Encyclopedia
    • Stracke A. (). Depleted Mantle. In Harff J, Meschede M, Petersen S, Thiede J (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Marine Geosciences, p. 182-185. Springer Netherlands. doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-6238-1_11.

    • Todd E., Stracke A., Scherer E.E. (). Effects of simple acid leaching of crushed and powdered geological materials on high-precision Pb isotope analyses. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 16(7), 27. doi: 10.1002/2015GC005804.
    • Bast R, Scherer EE, Sprung P, Fischer-Gödde M, Stracke A, Mezger K. (). A rapid and efficient ion-exchange chromatography for Lu-Hf, Sm-Nd, and Rb-Sr geochronology and the routine isotope analysis of sub-ng amounts of Hf by MC-ICP-MS. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 30(11), 2323-2333. doi: 10.1039/C5JA00283D.

    Articles in Journals
    • Jung, S; Berndt, J; Stracke, A; Hauff, F; Kastek, N. (). Anatexis of juvenile mafic to intermediate crust – constraints from major and trace element and Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes of diorites to granites (Damara orogen, Namibia). S. Afr. J. Geol., 117, 149-171. doi: 10.2113/gssajg.117.1.149.
    • Bergemann, C., Jung, S., Berndt, J., Stracke, A., Hauff, F. (). Generation of magnesian, high-K alkali-calcic granites and granodiorites from amphibolitic continental crust in the Damara orogen, Namibia. Lithos, 198–199, 217-233. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2014.03.033.
    • Baitsch-Ghirardello, B.; Stracke, A.; Connolly, J. A.D.; Nikolaeva, K. M.; Gerya, T. V. (). Lead transport in intra-oceanic subduction zones: 2D geochemical–thermo-mechanical modeling of isotopic signatures. Lithos, 208-209, 265. doi: doi:10.1016/j.lithos.2014.09.006.
    • Paul, A., Jung, S., Romer, R.L., Stracke, A., Hauff, F. (). Petrogenesis of synorogenic high-temperature leucogranites (Damara orogen, Namibia): Constraints from U-Pb monazite ages and Nd, Sr and Pb isotopes. Gondwana Res., 25(4), 1614. doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2013.06.008.
    Articles in Edited Books
    • Stracke, A., Scherer, E.E., Reynolds, B.C. (). 15.4 - Application of Isotope Dilution in Geochemistry. In Holland, H.D., Turekian, K.K. (Eds.), Treatise on Geochemistry (Second Edition), p. 71-86. Oxford: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-08-095975-7.01404-2.

    • Rudge JF, Maclennan J, Stracke A. (). The geochemical consequences of mixing melts from a heterogeneous mantle. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 114, 112-143. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2013.03.042.
    • Mayer B., Jung S., Romer R.L., Stracke A., Haase K.M., Garbe-Schönberg C-D. (). Petrogenesis of Tertiary hornblende-bearing lavas in the Rhön, Germany. J. Petrol., 54, 2095. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egt042.
    • Arevalo R. Jr., McDonough W.F., Stracke, A., Willbold M., Ireland T.J., Walker R.J. (). Mantle architecture and distribution of radiogenic power. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 14, 2265. doi: 10.1002/ggge.20152.

    • Koornneef J, Stracke A, Bourdon B, Grönvold K. (). The influence of source heterogeneity on the U–Th–Pa–Ra disequilibria in post-glacial tholeiites from Iceland. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 87, 243-266. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.03.041.
    • Stracke Andreas. (). Earth's heterogeneous mantle: A product of convection-driven interaction between crust and mantle. Chemical Geology, 330-331, 274. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2012.08.007.
    • Koornneef J. M., Dorta L., Hattendorf B., Fontaine G. H., Bourdon B., Stracke A., Ulmer P., Gunther D.,. (). In situ analysis of 230Th-232Th-238U ratios in titanite by fs-LA-MC-ICPMS. J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 27(11), 1863. doi: 10.1039/C2JA30162H.
    • Schoene, B., Schaltegger, U., Brack, P., Latkoczy, C., Stracke, A., Günther, D. (). Rates of magma differentiation and emplacement in a ballooning pluton recorded by U–Pb TIMS-TEA, Adamello batholith, Italy. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 355-356, 162. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.08.019.
    • Beyer, C., Klemme, S., Wiedenbeck, M., Stracke, A., and Vollmer, C. (). Fluorine in nominally fluorine-free mantle minerals: Experimental partitioning of F between olivine, orthopyroxene and silicate melts with implications for magmatic processes. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 337–338, 1. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2012.05.003.
    • Prelević, D., Akal, C., Foley, S. F., Romer, R. L., Stracke, A. van den Bogaard, P. (). Ultra-potassic mafic rocks as geochemical proxies for post-collisional dynamics of orogenic lithospheric mantle: the case of southwestern Anatolia, Turkey. J. Petrol., 53, 1019-1055. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egs008.
    • Stracke, A., Palme, H., Gellissen, M., Kleine, T., Birbaum, K., Günther, D., Bourdon, B., and Zipfel. J. (). Refractory element fractionation in the Allende meteorite: Implications for solar nebula condensation and the chondritic composition of planetary bodies. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 85, 114-141. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2012.02.006.
    • Koornneef, J.M., Stracke, A., Bourdon, B., Meier, M.A., Jochum, K.P., Stoll, B., Grönvold, K. (). Melting of a two-component source beneath Iceland. Journal of Petrology, 53, 127-157. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egr059.
    • Pfänder, J.A., Jung, S., Münker, C., Stracke, A., Mezger, K. (). A possible high Nb/Ta reservoir in the continental lithospheric mantle and consequences on the global Nb budget – Evidence from continental basalts from Central Germany. Geochim. Cosmoschim. Acta, 77, 232. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2011.11.017.

    • Jochum KP, Wilson SA, Abouchami W, Amini M, Chmeleff J, Eisenhauer A, Hegner E, Iaccheri LM, Kieffer B, Krause J, Mcdonough WF, Mertz-Kraus R, Raczek I, Rudnick RL, Scholz D, Steinhoefel G, Stoll B, Stracke A, Tonarini S, Weis D, Weis U, Woodhead JD. (). GSD-1G and MPI-DING Reference Glasses for In Situ and Bulk Isotopic Determination. Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 35(2), 193-226. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2010.00114.x.
    • Stracke, A., Snow, J.E., Hellebrand, E., von der Handt, A., Bourdon, B., Birbaum, B., and Günther, D. (). Abyssal peridotite Hf isotopes identify extreme mantle depletion. Earth Plan. Sci. Lett., 308, 359-368. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2011.06.012.
    • Salters, V.J.M., Mallick, S., Hart, S.R., Langmuir, C.L., and Stracke, A. (). Domains of ultra depleted mantle; new evidence from hafnium and neodymium isotopes. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 12(8), 18. doi: 10.1029/2011GC003617.
    • Jochum, K.P., Weis, U., Stoll, B., Kuzmin, D., Jacob, D.E., Stracke, A., Birbaum, K., Frick, D.A., Günther, D. and Enzweiler, J. (). Determination of Reference Values for NIST SRM 610-617 Glasses following ISO Guidelines. Geostand. Geoanal. Res., 35(4), 397-429. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-908X.2011.00120.x.
    • Bouilhol, P., Schaltegger, U., Chiaradia, M, Stracke, A., Ovtcharova, M., Dawood, H., and Burg, J.-P. (). Timing of juvenile arc crust formation and evolution in the Sapat Complex (Kohistan, Pakistan). Chem Geol., 80, 243. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.11.013.

    • Prelevic D, Stracke A, Foley SF, Romer RL, Conticelli S. (). Hf isotope compositions of Mediterranean lamproites: Mixing of melts from asthenosphere and crustally contaminated mantle lithosphere. Lithos, 119(3-4), 297-312. doi: 10.1016/j.lithos.2010.07.007.
    • Koornneef JM, Stracke A, Aciego S, Reubi O, Bourdon B. (). A new method for U-Th-Pa-Ra separation and accurate measurement of U-234-Th-230-(231)pa-Ra-226 disequilibria in volcanic rocks by MC-ICPMS. Chem. Geol., 277(1-2), 30-41. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.07.007.
    • Willbold M, Stracke A. (). Formation of enriched mantle components by recycling of upper and lower continental crust. Chem. Geol., 276(3-4), 188-197. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.06.005.
    • Bourdon B, Tipper ET, Fitoussi C, Stracke A. (). Chondritic Mg isotope composition of the Earth. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 74(17), 5069-5083. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2010.06.008.
    • Willbold M, Hegner E, Stracke A, Rocholl A. (). Reply to comment by E. Martin, M. Martin, and O. Sigmarsson on "Continental geochemical signatures in dacites from Iceland and implications for models of early Archaean crust formation" by M. Willbold, E. Hegner, A. Stracke, and A. Rocholl. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 293(1-2), 220-222. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2010.02.022.

    • Schaltegger U, Brack P, Ovtcharova M, Peytcheva I, Schoene B, Stracke A, Marocchi M, Bargossi GM. (). Zircon and titanite recording 1.5 million years of magma accretion, crystallization and initial cooling in a composite pluton (southern Adamello batholith, northern Italy). Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 286(1-2), 208-218. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.028.
    • Willbold M, Hegner E, Stracke A, Rocholl A. (). Continental geochemical signatures in dacites from Iceland and implications for models of early Archaean crust formation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 279(1-2), 44-52. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2008.12.029.
    • Stracke A, Bourdon B. (). The importance of melt extraction for tracing mantle heterogeneity. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73(1), 218-238. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.10.015.

    • Tappe S, Foley SF, Kjarsgaard BA, Romer RL, Heaman LM, Stracke A, Jenner GA. (). Between carbonatite and lamproite - Diamondiferous Torngat ultramafic lamprophyres formed by carbonate-fluxed melting of cratonic MARID-type metasomes. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 72(13), 3258-3286. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2008.03.008.
    • Stracke A. (). Chemical geodynamics - Tracking mantle depletion. Nature Geoscience, 1(4), 215-216. doi: 10.1038/ngeo163.

    • Bourdon B, Ribe NM, Stracke A, Saal A, Turner S. (). Evidence for mantle plumes? Reply. Nature, 450(7169), E16E16.
    • Beier C, Stracke A, Haase KM. (). The peculiar geochemical signatures of Sao Miguel (Azores) lavas: Metasomatised or recycled mantle sources? Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 259(1-2), 186-199. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.038.
    • Paul D, Kamenetsky VS, Hofmann AW, Stracke A. (). Compositional diversity among primitive lavas of Mauritius, Indian Ocean: Implications for mantle sources. J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res., 164(1-2), 76-94. doi: 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.04.004.
    • Tappe S, Foley SF, Stracke A, Romer RL, Kjarsgaard BA, Heaman LM, Joyce N. (). Craton reactivation on the Labrador Sea margins: Ar-40/Ar-39 age and Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope constraints from alkaline and carbonatite intrusives. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 256(3-4), 433-454. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.01.036.
    • Pfander JA, Munker C, Stracke A, Mezger K. (). Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf in ocean island basalts - Implications for crust-mantle differentiation and the fate of Niobium. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 254(1-2), 158-172. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.11.027.

    • Bourdon B, Ribe NM, Stracke A, Saal AE, Turner SP. (). Insights into the dynamics of mantle plumes from uranium-series geochemistry. Nature, 444(7120), 713-717. doi: 10.1038/nature05341.
    • Tappe S, Foley SF, Jenner GA, Heaman LM, Kjarsgaard BA, Romer RL, Stracke A, Joyce N, Hoefs J. (). Genesis of ultramafic lamprophyres and carbonatites at Aillik Bay, Labrador: A consequence of incipient lithospheric thinning beneath the North Atlantic craton. J. Petrol., 47(7), 1261-1315. doi: 10.1093/petrology/egl008.
    • Stracke A, Bourdon B, McKenzie D. (). Melt extraction in the Earth's mantle: Constraints from U-Th-Pa-Ra studies in oceanic basalts. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 244(1-2), 97-112. doi: 10.1016/j.epsl.2006.01.057.
    • Willbold M, Stracke A. (). Trace element composition of mantle end-members: Implications for recycling of oceanic and upper and lower continental crust. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys, 7. doi: 10.1029/2005GC001005.
    • Jochum KP, Stoll B, Herwig K, Willbold M, Hofmann AW, Amini M, Aarburg S, Abouchami W, Hellebrand E, Mocek B, Raczek I, Stracke A, Alard O, Bouman C, Becker S, Ducking M, Bratz H, Klemd R, de Bruin D, Canil D, Cornell D, de Hoog CJ, Dalpe C, Danyushevsky L, Eisenhauer A, Gao YJ, Snow JE, Goschopf N, Gunther D, Latkoczy C, Guillong M, Hauri EH, Hofer HE, Lahaye Y, Horz K, Jacob DE, Kassemann SA, Kent AJR, Ludwig T, Zack T, Mason PRD, Meixner A, Rosner M, Misawa KJ, Nash BP, Pfander J, Premo WR, Sun WD, Tiepolo M, Vannucci R, Vennemann T, Wayne D, Woodhead JD. (). MPI-DING reference glasses for in situ microanalysis: New reference values for element concentrations and isotope ratios. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys, 7. doi: 10.1029/2005GC001060.

    • Jung S, Pfander JA, Brugmann G, Stracke A. (). Sources of primitive alkaline volcanic rocks from the central European volcanic province (Rhon, Germany) inferred from Hf, Os and Pb isotopes. CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY, 150(5), 546-559. doi: 10.1007/s00410-005-0029-4.
    • Stracke A, Hofmann AW, Hart SR. (). FOZO, HIMU, and the rest of the mantle zoo. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys, 6. doi: 10.1029/2004GC000824.
    • Albarede F, Stracke A, Salters VJM, Weis D, Blichert-Toft J, Telouk P, Agranier A. (). Comment to "Pb isotopic analysis of standards and samples using a Pb-207-Pb-204 double spike and thallium to correct for mass bias with a double-focusing MC-ICP-MS" by Baker et al. Chem. Geol., 217(1-2), 171-174. doi: 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.12.003.

    • McKenzie D, Stracke A, Blichert-Toft J, Albarede F, Gronvold K, O'Nions RK. (). Source enrichment processes responsible for isotopic anomalies in oceanic island basalts. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 68(12), 2699-2724. doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2003.10.029.
    • Salters VJM, Stracke A. (). Composition of the depleted mantle. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 5. doi: 10.1029/2003GC000597.

    • Stracke A, Zindler A, Salters VJM, McKenzie D, Gronvold K. (). The dynamics of melting beneath Theistareykir, northern Iceland. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 4. doi: 10.1029/2002GC000347.
    • Stracke A, Bizimis M, Salters VJM. (). Recycling oceanic crust: Quantitative constraints. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 4. doi: 10.1029/2001GC000223.
    • Stracke A, Zindler A, Salters VJM, McKenzie D, Blichert-Toft J, Albarede F, Gronvold K. (). Theistareykir revisited. GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS, 4. doi: 10.1029/2001GC000201.

    • Stracke, A. Salters, V.J.M. Sims, K.W.W. (). Assessing the presence of garnet-pyroxenite in the mantle sources of basalts through combined hafnium-neodymium-thorium isotope systematics. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys., 1, 15. doi: 10.1029/1999GC000013.

    • Stracke, A. Hegner, E. (). Rifting related volcanism in an oceanic post-collisional setting: the Tabar-Lihir-Tanga-Feni (TLTF) island chain, Papua New Guinea. Lithos, 45, 545. doi: 10.1016/S0024-4937(98)00049-8.

  • Dissertations

    Krabbe, NadineTungsten stable isotope fractionation during planetary differentiation