Dr. Lukas Röseler

Lukas Röseler
Postdoctoral Research Associate & Managing Director of the Münster Center for Open Science
Consultation-hour: By arrangement via E-Mail
Phone: +49 (2 51) 83 - 3 43 28
E-Mail: lukas.roeseler [at] uni-muenster.de
 

Open Science Framework ORCID researchgate google scholaropennessinitiativeresearchtransparency Github

FORRT DoraMüCOS

personal website

 

  • Research Interests

    Meta Science: I am excited about what makes sciences and humanities “special” (e.g., systematicity), what constitutes scientific progress, and how to improve science and the academic system.

    Open Science: My research is strongly focused on discussions and methods brought forward by the open science movement. I conduct replication studies, meta-analyses, investigate methods (e.g., correction for publication bias, pre-registration types), and publish file-drawer reports or datasets. I have created and maintain the Replication Database, which is probably the most exhaustive database of scientific replication studies. Get in touch if you want to join the team by submitting replication studies, coding/validating data, or if you need help analyzing the database.

    Judgment and Decision Making: I conduct research on heuristics and biases, such as anchoring effects, confirmation biases / myside biases, status quo biases, and hindsight biases. Together with a team of more than 100 international researchers, I have created the Open Anchoring Quest (OpAQ). In 2022, the OpAQ contained all publicly available data on anchoring effects, which made it one of the most comprehensive psychological databases.

    Replication Database

  • Commitment to Open Science

    Research and Methods

    • Research philosophy: I endorse the Mertonian Norms of sciences and humanities.
    • Open File Drawer: Almost all of my research projects are openly available, including file-drawer reports of null results and failed studies. Most of my running and completed projects can be accessed via my OSF profile.
    • Big Team Science: I have been participating in large-scale collaborations that further open science (e.g., Multi100, SCORE) and I am a member of the Framework for Open and Reproducible Research Training (FORRT).
    • Transparency: Most of my research articles include the 21 word solution, all of them have Open Data, Code, and have been published openly as pre-prints. I signed the Commitment to Research Transparency in 2021 (http://www.researchtransparency.org/signatories/) and encourage you to do so, too! I also publish rejected research proposals for which I have been the first author (example, example).

    Reviewing and Scientific Discourse

    • Open Access, Open Data, Open Materials: As a reviewer, I do not recommend manuscripts to be published if I do not have access to the data and materials, except if sharing them is prohibited by ethical or legal reasons. I have signed the PRO initiative.
    • Citation metrics: I oppose the use of citation metrics for research assessment and have signed the San Francisco Declaration of Research Assessment.
    • Open Reviews: Since spring 2024 I have been posting my reviews online. I advocate for truly open peer review, that is, openly linking research objects with reviews regardless of journals’ decisions to publish or not to publish said objects. If you wish to have a manuscript reviewed by me, I encourage you to post it as a pre- print. I also use pubpeer.com for post-publication peer review.

    Open Educational Resources, Teaching, and Supervision

    • Slides: Slides of my presentations, lectures, seminars, and workshops are mostly available online.
    • Student researchers: I regularly include student researchers in research projects and encourage them to take lead roles and to make their valuable contributions visible using transparent statements such as CRediT (https://osf.io/ed8xa).
    • Grading: As a supervisor, I do not grade research by how exciting or innovative the outcomes are but by whether it is theoretically and methodologically sound. I encourage young scientists to conduct replication studies and warn them that depending on their field, other researchers may not recognize the value of these studies.

  • Forschungsartikel (peer-reviewed)

    in press
    2025
    2024
    2023
    2022
    2021
    2020

    in press

    Röseler, L., Incerti, L., Rebholz, T. R., Seida, C., & Papenmeier, F. (in press). Falsifying the insufficient adjustment model: No evidence for unidirectional adjustment from anchors. Meta-Psychology. pdf

    2025

    Hoghe, J., Röseler, L., Limmer, R., Walther, C., & Schütz, A. (2025). Die Bedeutung personaler Ressourcen und personaler Risikofaktoren für die Bewältigung beruflicher Belastungen bei Genesungsbegleiter/-innen/Peer Berater/-innen. In Zeitschrift für Arbeitswissenschaft. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41449-025-00460-x pdf

    Hoghe, J., Röseler, L., Limmer, R., Walther, C., & Schütz, A (2025). Occupational stressors and resources of peer workers in social psychiatry. Psychiatrische Praxis, 52(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2383-8057 pdf

    Weber, L., & Röseler, L. (2025). Testing the reliability of anchoring susceptibility scores. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 21(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.9891 pdf

    2024

    Röseler, L., Bögler, H. L., Koßmann, L., Krueger, S. M., Bickenbach, S. L. C., Bühler, R., … Sing, J. (2024). Need for cognition, cognitive load, and forewarning do not moderate anchoring effects. A replication study of Epley & Gilovich (Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 2005; Psychological Science, 2006). Journal of Comments and Replications in Economics, 3(8). https://doi.org/10.18718/81781.38 pdf

    Röseler, L., Felser, G., Asberger, J., & Schütz, A. (2024). The effect of variety on perceived quantity: Failures to replicate Redden and Hoch (2009). Meta-Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2020.2639 pdf

    Röseler, L., Kaiser, L., Doetsch, C., Klett, N., Seida, C., Schütz, A., … Zhang, Y. (2024). The Replication Database: Documenting the replicability of psychological science. Journal of Open Psychology Data, 12(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.5334/jopd.101 pdf

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Helgerth, K., Stich, E., Günther, M., Tegethoff, P., … Schütz, A. (2024). Correction: The open anchoring quest dataset: Anchored estimates from 96 studies on anchoring effects. Journal of Open Psychology Data, 12(8), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.5334/jopd.92 pdf

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Helgerth, K. A. C., Stich, E., Günther, M., Tegethoff, P., … Schütz, A. (2024). Measurements of susceptibility to anchoring are unreliable: Meta-analytic evidence from more than 50,000 anchored estimates. Meta Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.15626/MP.2022.3236pdf

    2023

    Adler, S. J., Röseler, L., & Schöniger, M. K. (2023). A toolbox to evaluate the trustworthiness of published findings. Journal of Business Research, 167, 114189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114189

    2022

    Delios, A., Clemente, E., Wu, T., Tan, H., Wang, Y., Gordon, M., Viganola, D., Chen, Z., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., Generalizability Tests Forecasting Collaboration, & Uhlmann, E.L. (2022). Examining the context sensitivity of research findings from archival data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.212037711

    Körner*, R., Röseler*, L., Schütz, A., & Bushman, B. J. (2022). Dominance and prestige: Meta-analytic review of experimentally induced body position effects on behavioral, self-report, and physiological dependent variables. Psychological Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000356 *shared first authorship

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Helgerth, K., Stich, E., Günther, M., Tegethoff, P., Wagner, F., Antunovic, M., BarreraLemarchand, F., Halali, E., Ioannidis, K., Genschow, O., Milstein, N., Molden, D. C., Papenmeier, F., Pavlovic, Z., Rinn, R., Schreiter, M. L., Zimdahl, M. F., Bahník, Š., Bermeitinger, C., Blower, F. B. N., Bögler, H. L., Burgmer, P., Cheek, N. N., Dorsch, L., Fels, S., Frech, M.-L., Freira, L., Harris, A. J. L., Häusser, J. A., Hedgebeth, M. V., Henkel, M., Horvath, D., Intelmann, P., Klamar, A., Knappe, E., Köppel, L.-M., Krueger, S. M., Lagator, S., Lopez-Boo, F., Navajas, J., Norem, J. K., Novak, J., Onuki, Y., Page, E., Rebholz, T. R., Sartorio, M., Schindler, S., Shanks, D. R., Siems, M.-C., Stäglich, P., Starkulla, M., Stitz, M., Straube, T., Thies, K., Thum, E., Ueda, K., Undorf, M., Urlichich, D., Vadillo, M. A., Wolf, H., Zhou, A., & Schütz, A. (2022). The Open Anchoring Quest Dataset: Anchored Estimates from 96 Studies on Anchoring Effects. Journal of Open Psychology Data, 10(16), pp. 1–12. http://doi.org/10.5334/jopd.67

    2021

    Körner, R., Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2021). Commentary on Elkjær et al.’s (2020) meta-analysis on expansive versus contractive nonverbal displays. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 17(1), 305–307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691620984474

    Tierney, W., Hardy, J. H., III., Ebersole, C., Viganola, D., Clemente, E., Gordon, M., Hoogeveen, S., Haaf, J., Dreber, A.A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., Chapman, H., Gantman, A., Vanaman, M., DeMarree, K., Igou, E., Wylie, J., Storbeck J., Andreychik, M.R., McPhetres, J., Vaughn, L.A., … Röseler, L., … Uhlmann, E. L. (2021). A creative destruction approach to replication: Implicit work and sex morality across cultures. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 93, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104060

    Röseler, L., Ebert, J., Schütz, A., & Baumeister, R. F. (2021). The upsides and downsides of high self-control: Evidence for effects of similarity and situation dependency. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 17(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.2639

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., Blank, P. A., Dück, M., Fels, S., Kupfer, J., Scheelje, L., & Seida, C. (2021). Evidence against subliminal anchoring: Two close, highly powered, preregistered, and failed replication attempts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 92, 104066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104066

    Wolf, D., Leder, J., Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2021). Does Facial Redness Really Affect Emotion Perception? Evidence for Limited Generalisability of Effects of Facial Redness on Emotion Perception in a Large Sample. Cognition and Emotion. 35(8), 1607– https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2021.1979473

    2020

    Landy, J. F., Jia, M. L., Ding, I. L., Viganola, D., Tierney, W., Dreber, A., Johannesson, M., Pfeiffer, T., Ebersole, C. R., Gronau, Q. F., Ly, A., van den Bergh, D., Marsman, M., Derks, K., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Proctor, A., Bartels, D. M., Bauman, C. W., Brady, W. J., ... Röseler, L., … Uhlmann, E. L. (2020). Crowdsourcing hypothesis tests: Making transparent how design choices shape research results. Psychological Bulletin, 146(5), 451–479. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000220

    Röseler, L. (2020, September). Anchoring Effects: Resolving the Contradictions of Personality Moderator Research (Doctoral Thesis). University of Bamberg. https://osf.io/34sv6

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., Baumeister, R. F., & Starker, U. (2020). Does ego depletion reduce judgment adjustment for both internally and externally generated anchors? Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 87, 103942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103942

    Forschungsartikel (working papers)

    2023
    2022
    2021
    2020
    2019

    2023

    Adler, S. J., Röseler, L., Schöniger, M. K. (2023). A toolbox to identify p-hacking: Four techniques to evaluate the trustworthiness of published findings. Manuscript submitted for publication.

    Röseler, L., Incerti, L., Seida, C., Rebholz, T., Papenmeier, F. (2023). Falsifying the Insufficient Adjustment Model: No Evidence for Unidirectional Adjustment From Anchors. Advance online publication. https://osf.io/8cwpy

    Röseler, L. (2023). Predicting Replication Rates with Z-Curve: A Brief Exploratory Validation Study Using the Replication Database. Advance online publication. https://osf.io/preprints/metaarxiv/ewb2t

    2022

    Röseler, L., Bögler, H. L., Koßmann, L., Krueger, S., Bickenbach, S., Bühler, R., … Sing, J. (2022). Replicating Epley and Gilovich: Need for Cognition, Cognitive Load, and Forewarning do not Moderate Anchoring Effects. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bgp3m

    Röseler, L., Gendlina, T., Krapp, J., Labusch, N., & Schütz, A. (2022). Successes and Failures of Replications: A Meta-Analysis of Independent Replication Studies Based on the OSF Registries. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/8psw2

    Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2022). Hanging the Anchor Off a New Ship: A Meta-Analysis of Anchoring Effects. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/wf2tn

    Weber, L., & Röseler, L. (2022). Testing the Reliability of Anchoring Susceptibility Scores. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2kfh3

    Wolf, D., Röseler, L., Leder, J., & Schütz, A. (2022). The Red-Anger Effect: Is it Nothing More Than Demand Characteristics? Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/ntukz

    2021

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A. (2021). What You Expect is What You Get: The Role of Affective Expectations in Real-World Experiences. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/2tr6q

    2020

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., Dolling, I. K., Friedinger, K., Hösch, Y., Hügel, J. C., Igna, E., Karg, A., Kühling, S., Schäffer, D., Zhou, A., & Röseler, J. J. (2020). The Stepwise Anchoring Paradigm: Measuring Reliable Components of Anchoring and Adjustment as the Next Step in Moderator Research. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/hjbwp

    Röseler, L., Wolf, D., Leder, J., & Schütz, A. (2020). Test-Retest Reliability is not a Measure of Reliability or Stability: A Friendly Reminder. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/mt49r

    2019

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., & Starker, U. (2019). Cognitive Ability does not and cannot Correlate with Susceptibility to Anchoring Effects. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/bnsx2

    Software

    Röseler, L., Doetsch, C., Kaiser, L., Klett, N., Krapp, J., Seida, C., Schütz, A., Cummins, J., Dienlin, T., Elsherif, M., Förster, N., Genschow, O., Gnambs, T., Hartmann, H., Holgado, D., Hussey, ., Korbmacher, M., Kulke, L., Liu, Y., Lou, N., Papenmeier, F., Paruzel-Czachura, M., Pavlov, Y., Pavlović, Z., Pypno, K., Rausch, M., Rebholz, T., Ross, R., Thürmer, L., Vaughn, L. (2023). ReD: Replication Database, Version 0.3.0. https://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/9r62x Available online at https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/replicationdatabase/

    Röseler, L., Adler, S., Schöniger, M. (2022). A Toolbox to Identify P-Hacking. Version 0.0.5. Available online at https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/toolbox/.

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Stich, E., Günther, M., Helgerth, K. A. C., Wagner, F. S., Antunovic, M., Bahník, S., Barrera, F., Baumeister, R. F., Bermeitinger, C., Bickenbach, S. L. C., Blank, P. A., Blower, F. B. N., Bögler, H. L., Boo, F. L., Boruchowicz, C., Bühler, R. L., Burgmer, P., Cheek, N., N., Dohle, S., Dorsch, L., Dück, M. S., Halali, E.., Fels, S.-A., Fischer, A. L., Frech, M.-L., Freira, L., Friedinger, K., Genschow, O., Harris, A., Häusser, J. A., Hedgebeth, M., Henkel, M., Horvath, D., Hügel, J. C., Igna, E. L. E., Imhoff, R., Intelmann, P., Ioannidis, K., Karg, A. H., Klamar, A., Klein, C., Klusmann, B., Knappe, E., Köppel, L.-M., Koßmann, L., Kraft, P., Kroworsch, M. K., Krueger, S. M., Kühling, S., Lagator, S., Lammers, J., Loschelder, D. D., Milstein, N., Molden, D. C., Navajas, J., Norem, J., K., Novak, J. Onuki, Y., Page, E., Panse, F., Papenmeier, F., Pavlovic, Z., Rebholz, T. R., Rinn, R., Rodgers, S., Röseler, J. J., Roßmaier, K. V., Sartorio, M., Scheelje, L., Schindler, S., Schreiner, N. B., Schreiter, M. L., Seida, C., Shanks, D. R., Siems, M.-C., Stitz, M., Starkulla, M., Stäglich, M., Thies, K., Thum, E., Undorf, M., Unger, B. D., Urlichich, D., Vadillo, M. A., Wackershauser-Sablotny, V., Wagner, F. S., Wessel, I., Wolf, H., Zhou, A., Zimdahl, M., & Schütz, A. (2022). OpAQ: Open Anchoring Quest, Version 1.1.42.94. https://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/YGNVB. Available online at https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/OpAQ/.

    Röseler, L., Körner, R., & Schütz, A. (2021). Dynamic Meta-Analysis of Body Position Effects ShinyApp. Available online at https://metaanalyses.shinyapps.io/bodypositions/.

    Röseler, L., Röseler, J. J. (2020). Studienfeedback ShinyApp. Available online at https://l-air.shinyapps.io/feedback/.

    Buchkapitel

    Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2022). Open Science. In A. Schütz, M. Brand, S. Steins-Loeber, (Eds.), Psychologie: Eine Einführung in ihre Grundlagen und Anwendungsfelder (6th ed., pp. 187–198). Kohlhammer.

  • Invited Presentations

    Röseler, L. (2022, August). How to resist anchoring? Eingeladener Vortrag an der Privatuniversität Schloss Seeburg, Österreich.

    Röseler, L. (2022, June). The Open Anchoring Quest: Centralizing a Whole Research Field in the Name of Open Science. Eingeladener Vortrag an der Leuphana Universität, Lüneburg.

    Röseler, L. (2022, April). Die Open Science Bewegung in der Psychologie. Eingeladener Vortrag an der Hochschule Harz, Wernigerode.

    Röseler, L. (2020, August). Auflösung der Widersprüche aus mehr oder weniger als 10 Jahren Ankereffekt-Forschung. Eingeladener Vortrag an der Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg. 

    Other Presentations

    Röseler, L. (2023, November). Eine Replikationendatenbank als Fundament vertrauenswürdiger Sozialwissenschaften. Talk (online) at the Annual Day of Research Data, Münster, Germany.

    Röseler, L., Wallrich, L., & Bushman, B., J. (2023, March). Creating interactive ShinyApps for Meta-Analyses with metaUI. Talk (online) at the Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis in R Conference (ESMARConf).

    Wallrich, L., Röseler, L., & Bushman, B., J. (2023, March). Live Tutorial for Creating interactive ShinyApps for Meta-Analyses with metaUI. Talk (online) at the Evidence Synthesis and Meta-Analysis in R Conference (ESMARConf).

    Tegethoff, P., Klug, C., & Röseler, L. (2023, March). How strong is Psychology’s fundament? A Meta-Analysis of Classical Psychological Findings. Talk at the 64th Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Trier, Germany.

    Röseler, L., Gendlina, T., Klett, N., Krapp, J., Labusch, N., & Schütz, A. (2023, March). The Replication Database: Making transparent what replicated and what did not. Talk at the 64th Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Trier, Germany.

    Förster, N., Röseler, L., & Felser, G. (2023, March). Replication of the Chameleon Effect (Chartrand & Bargh, 1999, Study 1). Talk at the 64th Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Trier, Germany.

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Stich, E., Günther, M., & Schütz, A. (2022, March). The Open Anchoring Quest (OpAQ): Explaining variance of the heterogeneous but large anchoring effects. Talk (online) at the 64thConference of Experimental Psychologists, Köln, Germany.

    Röseler, L., Weber, L., Stich, E., Günther, M., & Schütz, A. (2021, September). The Open Anchoring Quest (OpAQ): Tackling the reliability problem and boosting the power of anchoring research. Talk (online) at the Biennial Conference of the German Psychological Society - Personality Psychology and Psychological Diagnostics (DPPD) Section, Ulm, Germany.

    Röseler, L. (2021, March). Are some people more susceptible to anchoring effects than others?Talk (online) at the 63rd Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Ulm, Germany.

    Körner, R., Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2021, March). A comprehensive and preregistered meta-analysis on the effects of experimentally induced body positions: Effects on self-perception but not on physiology.Talk (online) at the 63rd Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Ulm, Germany.

    Röseler, L. (2019, July). Erwartungen an Produkte und ihr Einfluss auf die Bewertung. Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen an der Hochschule Harz, Wernigerode.

    Röseler, L. (2017, November). Psychologische Aspekte des Kritisierens. 'Positive' Kritik: Ermöglichende Perspektiven in Wissenschaften, Künsten und sozialen Praktiken, Bamberg.

    Röseler, L. (2016, September). Ein Anker ist nicht wie der andere: Die Abhängigkeit des Ankereffekts von Aufgabentyp und Anwendungssituation. In G. Felser (Chair), Konsumentenpsychologie. 50. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Leipzig.

    Röseler, L. (2016, April). Emotion und Kognition. Presentation at Planspieltagung Simulation und Wirklichkeit, Wernigerode.

    Erster Platz beim Science-Slam der Forschungsshow 2015 der Hochschule Harz, Thema: Aus zweiter Hand: Fördernde und hemmende Bedingungen der Nutzung von Gebrauchtwaren.

    Posters

    Hoghe, J., Röseler, L., Limmer, R. E., Walther, C., Schütz, A. (2022). Die sozialpsychiatrische Versorgungsorganisation aus Sicht von Mitarbeitenden. Welche Potenziale und Risiken nehmen Beschäftigte in Peer-Arbeit bezüglich ihrer Arbeitsbedingungen wahr? Poster session presented at the 21. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF). https://doi.org/10.3205/22dkvf185 (German Medical Science GMS Publishing House).

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., Seida, C., Fels, S., Prinz, E., Heller, A., ... Wieczorek, S. (2020, March). Tidying up the Anchoring Shelf: Failures to Replicate Subliminal Anchoring. Poster session to be presented at the cancelled 62nd Conference of Experimental Psychologists, Jena. https://doi.org/13140/RG.2.2.24734.89928/1

    Röseler, L., Wolf, D., & Leder, J. (2019). Test-Retest Reliability is not a Measure of Reliability or Stability. Poster session presented at the DPPD conference. https://doi.org/17605/OSF.IO/A7D5K10.13140/RG.2.2.24734.89928/1

    Röseler, L., Schütz, A., Starker, U. (2018, September). Cognitive Ability and the Susceptibility to Anchoring Effects. Poster session to be presented at the 51. Kongress der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Psychologie, Frankfurt am Main. https://doi.org/13140/RG.2.2.35328.07684

    Wolf, D., Röseler, L., & Schütz, A. (2018, September). Sehen wir „rot”? Gesichtsfarbe und Emotionswahrnehmung. Poster session presented at the 51st Congress of the German Psychological Society (DGPs), Frankfurt am Main.

    Röseler, L. (2018, July). The Concept of Generalizability in Psychology and Economics. Poster session presented at the European Congress of Methodology, Jena. https://doi.org/13140/RG.2.2.14400.64007

    Lichters, M., Lantz, I., Glassl, S., Möslein, R., Nährig, K., Röseler, L., & Scharf, A. (2016, September). The use of immersive technologies in consumer testing revised: The role of contextual cues in evaluating cappuccinos in Sensory Labs, Virtual Realities, and at the actual Point of Consumption. Poster session presented at the European Conference on Sensory and Consumer Research Eurosense, Dijon. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.19699.32809