AI Ecosystems

Contents and Challenges

Abstract

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to change the way companies operate and create value. But who are the key players in this AI revolution, and how do their relationships with each other work? AI ecosystems form the complex institutional structure in which AI is researched, developed, and deployed – a dynamic service network of enablers, producers, and users.

This article analyzes the structure and functioning of AI ecosystems based on three key elements: traditional corporate networks, digital platforms, and innovative ecosystems. It becomes clear how large technology companies (hyperscalers) in particular are increasingly orchestrating both worlds through their control of central infrastructures: both the networks of AI enablers and the emerging AI product worlds.

This development presents both opportunities and risks: on the one hand, it enables far-reaching innovations and new business models, but on the other hand, it creates new dependencies and concentrations of power. This raises key questions for companies and policymakers: How can the potential of AI be exploited without creating problematic dependencies? What regulation is needed to promote innovation while ensuring fair competition? This article provides guidance in this complex area of tension and outlines options for action for companies and policymakers.