Stylesheet (erlLemma)

Last edited 20 Jan 2021 (erlDate)

Ger.: Formatvorlage, Fr.: feuille de style, Sp.: plantilla (erlText)

Each article in the Encyclopedia of Law and Literature | Enzyklopädie Recht und Literatur (ERL) begins with a brief overview of synonyms in the most relevant languages, followed by a short opening paragraph that provides concise lexical information, explains the meaning of the subject named in the article’s title, or the concept denoted by it. If the lemma covers several meanings, these are distinguished and explained respectively. This stylesheet shall be used to pre-format edited articles in order to enable their subsequent reformatting to XML for online publication. The description explains the customised styles and how to use them. It should also serve as a guideline concerning the structure of ERL articles and in bibliographical matters. In the stylesheet—but not in the edited articles—the names of the customised styles used in each paragraph or heading are indicated in parentheses at the end of each paragraph. (erlText)

1. Introduction (Heading 1)	1

2. Customised Styles (Heading 1)	2

2.1. Heading styles (Heading 2)	2

2.1.1. Sub-chapters and paragraphs (Heading 3)	2

2.1.2. Quotations and annotations (Heading 3)	2

2.2. Cross references and external links (Heading 2)	3

3. Illustrations and Tables (Heading 1)	3

3.1. Illustrations (Heading 2)	3

3.2. Tables (Heading 2)	4

4. Citation (Heading 1)	5

References (Heading 1)	5

1. Statutes and cases (Heading 2)	5

2. Classical texts and historical sources (Heading 2)	6

3. Modern literary and academic publications (Heading 2):	7

4. Table of Illustrations (Heading 2)	7

1. Introduction (Heading 1)

Formatting should be kept to a minimum in order to facilitate the layout process and online publication. Please confine your use of paragraph and character styles exclusively to those provided and described in this stylesheet. To get started, please store this <Stylesheet ELL.dotx> in the <Custom Office Templates> folder on your computer. The text to be edited or formatted can be written directly into a file created by opening <Stylesheet ELL.dotx>. The article should be stored as a Word-document under a file name following the syntax of <LemmaAuthor’sNameDate.docx>. Articles originally written in an unrestricted document can also be transferred into a Word-document based on <Stylesheet ELL.dot>. In that case, some precautions should be taken to prevent the import of unwanted formatting and unwanted data. The article should be copied paragraph by paragraph (right mouse click: “Keep text only”) into the stylesheet document which still contains all of its exemplary text. The customised styles (see below, #2) have to be assigned to paragraphs or words accordingly by marking a paragraph or single words with the cursor, moving the cursor to the relevant style from the list of styles, and assigning the style to the marked text with a left mouse click. The explanatory texts should be deleted from the document after completion of the formatting. (erlText)

2. Customised Styles (Heading 1)

The customised styles can be found under the menu “Styles”. Our standard text style is ‘erlText’ (Garamond 12 pt, left aligned). Some characters are not included in the ‘Garamond’ font. If required, (e.g. for quotes in Greek, Hebrew or Arabic), authors may use ‘Times New Roman’ (erlForeign): Μῆνιν ἄειδε, θεά, Πηληϊάδεω Ἀχιλῆος. דְּבָרִים Devarim, حديثHadīth.
For Chinese characters, the ‘Sim Sun’ font may be used: 法家 Fǎjiā. (erlChinese/erlForeign)

2.1. Heading styles (Heading 2)

This stylesheet contains five tiers of heading styles. Subordinated to the title (style: “erlLemma”), there are four levels of subheadings (“Heading 1”, “Heading 2”, “Heading 3”, “Heading 4”) to organise your article into sections, chapters, sub-chapters and paragraphs. (erlText)

2.1.1. Sub-chapters and paragraphs (Heading 3)

This is a level 3 sub-chapter, which is subdivided further into two level 4 paragraphs. (erlText)

2.1.1.1. Heading 4 (Heading 4)

To improve readability and the overall structure of your article please use level 4 only well-considered. Note that level 4 paragraph headings will not be indicated in the automatically generated table of contents. (erlText)

2.1.1.2. Level 4 (Heading 4)

Every subdivision of the text has to consist of at least two sub-chapters or paragraphs, respectively. If your text has a paragraph 2.1.1.1., please make sure it includes at least one more paragraph 2.1.1.2. on the same level, or refrain from introducing a sub-heading. (erlText)

2.1.2. Quotations and annotations (Heading 3)

For quotations exceeding three lines in ‘erlText’, please use the style ‘erlQuote’:

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consetetur sadipscing elitr, sed diam nonumy eirmod tempor invidunt ut labore et dolore magna aliquyam erat, sed diam voluptua. At vero eos et accusam et justo duo dolores et ea rebum. Stet clita kasd gubergren, no sea takimata sanctus est. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet. (erlQuote)

References are usually given in an abbreviated form (see sect. 4 below). Under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to insert short, bibliographical annotations into the text. (erlText)

To not impede the readability of the article, please use the style “erlInsert” with a smaller font when such annotations are deemed necessary. (erlInsert)

2.2. Cross references and external links (Heading 2)

In the online appearance of the ERL, references to external online publications will be implemented with hyperlinks. To highlight hyperlinks, please use the hash symbol, followed by the URL in between <>. The style customised for hyperlinks is ‘erlLink’. Please use this kind of reference only if needed, primarily in the bibliographical appendix (see below) and if the website referenced will presumably remain available long-term. Please keep in mind that the surveillance and updating of obsolete hyperlinks is time-consuming and therefore expensive. ,Dead‘ links might spoil the reading experience of future readers even more than lacking links. (erlText)

If needed, you may use bookmarks for cross references within your article. For example, here is a link to the bibliographical appendix below. Bookmarks can be generated this way: Select text, a picture or a place within your article where you want to insert the bookmark. Go to the “insert” menu, then click on “Bookmark”. In the menu that opens, you can enter a name for the generated bookmark. Click on “Add”. To create a link to the point thus defined as a bookmark, select text or an object you want to use as a link. Right-click and chose “Hyperlink”. A menu appears, chose “Link to” and then “Place in this document”. Now, Word opens a list that includes the bookmark you have created as well as all headings of the document. Select the bookmark/the heading of your choice and click “OK”. (erlText)

3. Illustrations and Tables (Heading 1)

3.1. Illustrations (Heading 2)

Most articles in the ERL will not need any illustrations. In some cases, however, images or charts can provide relevant information, e.g. historical or legal documents; notes scribbled by an author. (erlText)

Illus. 1: Pitaval-Reception in Germany: Gayot de Pitaval 1792 (erlCaption)

In case you want to embed pictures in your article, please place the image file and the caption where you want it to appear in the published article. For the picture as well as for the caption, please use the style ‘erlCaption’. In addition, please send the image file (JPEG) in the highest possible resolution to the editor separately and name the file accordingly <LemmaIllusNo#.jpg>. (erlText)

Pictures may also be embedded via a hyperlink that leads to another file. For that, the image file has to be saved to a subfolder named “images”. The parent folder to “images” must include your article as well.

Illus. 1a: Pitaval-Reception in Germany: Gayot de Pitaval 1792 (erlCaption)

3.2. Tables (Heading 2)

Most articles in the ELL will not need any tables. In case you need one, the stylesheet allows for various types of tables. Here is an example: (erlText)

Table Header (erlGeneric)
erlGeneric	erlGeneric	erlGeneric	erlGeneric

Table 1: Exemplary Table (erlCaption)

4. Citation (Heading 1)

References in the text should be cited in an abbreviated form acording to the author-date style (name of author, year of publication, page numbers from–to), wherever that is feasible. Classical texts may be cited in a slightly different way, using the following information in the given order: Name of author, common short title or title abbreviation, standard pagination, paragraph/line number. Statutes and other legal texts should be cited with usual abbreviations and an indication of the country or jurisdiction where the cited law applies or was applicable. (erlText)

Dictionaries, encyclopaedias, commentaries and similar reference works should be consulted frequently but scarcely cited. Only noteworthy and to some extent remarkable information may call for a citation. Wikipedia may only be cited if the Wikipedia article itself is discussed, never as a work of reference. Citation syntax: Wikipedia, name of article, last edited on [date], URL, (last accessed on [date]). (erlText)

Legal commentaries: editor’s name/s, title, year of publication, author, section, margin numbers. Court decisions: court [if required, add country code / jurisdiction], date, short title or other locally common identifiers (e.g. margin numbers). A complete list of all referenced sources must be included in the bibliographical appendix at the end of the article. (erlText)

Since ERL articles typically draw on a broad variety of sources from different disciplines (legal texts, historical documents, jurisprudence, literature, criticism, etc.) and from different traditions, complete bibliographical consistency is not possible. To reduce bibliographical inconsistency to a minimum, please use the standard style of citation (author, year of publication: title, poss. translator / editor, poss. journal / anthology, place of publication: publisher, xv–xvi) wherever possible; bibliographical entries of this style are indexed alphabetically by the author’s surname. If possible, this style applies to dictionary entries as well. In some cases, the entry referenced may not mention the author’s name. If so, the entry is to be referenced by using the editor’s name instead, adding (ed.). Texts that cannot be referenced in this way should be set apart into bibliographical subcategories such as “Statutes and cases” or “Classical texts and historical documents”. (erlText)

References (Heading 1)

1. Statutes and cases (Heading 2)

Country / Jurisdiction (erlBibsub)

Law (title) of (date) (abbreviation), last amended by law of (date), <Hyperlink> (erlBiblio)

Court decisions, reference according to the customs of the jurisdiction (erlBiblio)

International (erlBibsub):

Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 Dec 1948 (UDHR) <https://www.ohchr.org/EN/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf>

Berne Convenntion for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works of 9 Sept 1886, as amended on 28 Sept 1979 (RBC) <https://www.wipo.int/edocs/lexdocs/treaties/en/berne/trt_berne_001en.pdf> (erlLink)

EU (erlBibsub)

Directive 2001/29/EG of the European Parliament and of the Council, 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society (erlBiblio)
<https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:167:0010:0019:EN:PDF >

Regulation (EU) 2017/1128 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2017 on cross-border portability of online content services in the internal market (Official Journal of the European Union L 168 of 30 June 2017) (erlBiblio) <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32017R1128&from=EN>(erlLink)

CJEU Judgment of 3 Jul 2012 (C-128/11) – Usedsoft (erlBiblio) <http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?text=&docid=124564&pageIndex=0&doclang=EN&mode=req&dir=&occ=first&part=1> (erlLink)

France (erlBibsub)

Code de la propriété intellectuelle (CPI) of 1 July 1992; last amended by law of 31 Mai 2020, (erlBiblio) <https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/affichCode.do?cidTexte=LEGITEXT000006069414&dateTexte=20200625> (erlLink)

Germany (erlBibsub)

Gesetz über Urheberrecht und verwandte Schutzrechte (UrhG) of 9 Sept 1965, as amended by #art. 1 of the law of 28 Nov 2018. (erlBiblio)

BGH, VI ZR 122/04 of 21 June 2005 – Esra (erlBiblio)

BVerfG, 1 BvR 1783/05 of 13 June 2007 – Esra (erlBiblio)

USA (erlBibsub)

Copyright Act of 1976, 17 U.S.C., §§ 101–810 (erlBiblio)

Berne Convention Implementation Act of 1988, <Pub.L. 100−568>, 102 Stat. 2853 (erlBiblio)

Suntrust Bank v. Houghton Mifflin Co., 268 F.3d 1257 (11th Cir. 2001)

2. Classical texts and historical sources (Heading 2)

Lucius Annaeus Seneca, De beneficiis, in: Moral Essays, Bd. III: De Beneficiis, translated by John W. Basore, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1935. (erlBiblio)

Marcus Valerius Martialis, Epigrammata, ed. by Wilhelm Heraeus / Jakob Borovskij, Leipzig: Teubner 31982. (erlBiblio)

Anthologies of sources / online archives inlcuding title, editor(s), if applies: website. (erlBiblio)

Primary Sources on Copyright (1450-1900), ed. by Lionel Bently / Martin Kretschmer, (erlBiblio) <www.copyrighthistory.org> (erlLink)

Karl-Erik Tallmo, The History of Copyright: A Critical Overview With Source Texts in Five Languages. <www.copyrighthistory.com/> (erlLink)

Historical Sources of Law, official documents, court decisions: reference as usual, if needed include information on country or institution of relevance (erlBiblio)

The Royal Charter of the Company of Stationers, Pat. 3 & 4 Phil. & Mar., part 10. m. 46 (1557) (erlBiblio) <www.copyrighthistory.org/cam/pdf/uk_1557_1.pdf> (erlLink)

An Act for the Encouragement of Learning, by vesting the Copies of printed Books, in the Authors or Purchasers of such Copies, during the Times therein mentioned (1710), 8 Anne, c.19 (erlBiblio) <www.copyrighthistory.org/cam/tools/request/showRecord.php?id=record_uk_1710> (erlLink)

Donaldson v Becket (1774) 2 Brown’s Parl. Cases (2d ed.) 129, 1 Eng. Rep. 837; 4 Burr. 2408, 98 Eng. Rep. 257; 17 Cobbett’s Parl. Hist. 953 (erlBiblio)

Loi portant réglement sur la propriété des auteurs d'inventions et découvertes, en tous les genres d'industrie. Des 29, 31 Mars, 7 Avril, 14 – 25 Mai 1791. (erlBiblio)

Königlich Preußisches Gesetz zum Schutze des Eigenthums an Werken der Wissenschaft und der Kunst gegen Nachdruck und Nachbildung of 11 June 1837 (erlBiblio) <www.lwl.org/westfaelische-geschichte/que/normal/que4961.pdf >(erlLink)

Congrès Littéraire International de Paris 1878. Présidence de Victor Hugo, Paris: Bureaux de la Société des Gens de Lettres de France, 1879. (erlBiblio)

3. Modern literary and academic publications (Heading 2):

Surname, first name (year): Monograph: Subtitle, Place: Publisher. If applies: DOI or <Hyperlink> (erlBiblio)

Surname, first name / surname, first name, eds. (year): Anthology: subtitle, Place: Publisher. If applies: DOI or <hyperlink> (accessed on xy). (erlBiblio)

Surname, first name (year): Title of the article, in: name (ed.), Anthology, if applies: Vol. Nr., place: publisher, ppx–ppy. If applies: DOI or <Hyperlink> (erlBiblio)

Surname, first name (year): Title of the article, Journal, vol. Nr, issue, ppx–ppy. If applies DOI or <: Hyperlink>(accessed on xy). (erlBiblio)

Surname, first name (year): title of the article, Online journal, issue, if possible: DOI, otherwise <URL> (accessed on xy). (erlBiblio)

Commentaries (editor of the first volume) (year): Title, edition, Place, Publisher. If applies: DOI or < Hyperlink> (accessed on xy). (erlBiblio)

Dictionaries (editor of the first volume) (year): Title, edition, Place, Publisher. If applies: DOI or < Hyperlink>(accessed on xy). (erlBiblio)

François Gayot de Pitaval (1792): Merkwürdige Rechtsfälle als ein Beitrag zur Geschichte der Menschheit. Nach dem Französischen Werk des Pitaval durch mehrere Verfasser ausgearbeitet und mit einer Vorrede begleitet herausgegeben von Schiller. Erster Theil, Jena: Cuno’s Erben.

4. Table of Illustrations (Heading 2)

Illus. 1: Pitaval-Reception in Germany: Gayot de Pitaval 1792 (erlBiblio)

Copyright © 2021 by (erlAuthor)

Eberhard Ortland <ortland@uni-muenster.de> (erlAuthor)