Deodatus Patrick Shayo
Project
“Crowdsourcing and Digitalization of Electoral Integrity: A Comparative Analysis of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda”
In the contemporary world, most countries are signatories of international global norms and standards governing democratic conduct of elections. Election is one of the cornerstones of modern liberal democracies, and crowdsourcing is a growing phenomenon for monitoring electoral incidents. It is arguably the most recent, widespread use and access to digital technologies for citizen participation in elections in the contemporary information revolution, offers amplified opportunities in promoting electoral integrity. While digital participatory methods, especially crowdsourcing is becoming more common in monitoring elections, there are uncertainties in terms of the modes and methods employed, and its role on mapping positive and negative electoral incidents. This study analyses emerging digital crowdsourced collective action method and citizen-generated voices in the Ugandan 2011, Kenyan 2013 and Tanzanian 2015 general elections. The study uses most similar systems design (see Przeworski and Teune 1982; De Meur and Berg-Schlosser 1994; Berg-Schlosser and Quenter 1996), primary and secondary data sources such as semi-structured face-to-face interviews, data sets and document analysis. The concepts of invented and invited space (see Kersting 2012), hybrid monitoring and electoral cycle (see Norris 2014) serve as analytical framework in this research. The analysis studies cases of citizens who were invited to participate in the digital invented space by civil society organizations such as Constitution and Reform Education Consortium (CRECO) in Kenya, Tanzania Civil Society Consortium for Election Observation (TACCEO) and Citizen Election Watch with Information Technology (CEW-IT) in Uganda for collaborative production and rapid dissemination of elections monitoring information using digital devices and Uchaguzi crowdsourcing platform. The three countries in East African region, deployed hybrid approach of crowdmonitors to observe, communicate and validate election observation information during pre-election, campaign, election-day and post-election day periods. A comparative analysis identifies (dis)similarities in crowdsourcing method, citizen-generated voices, challenges faced and the potential of crowdsourcing for monitoring elections. This thesis demonstrates a diffusion of information and communication technologies, specifically leapfrogged in area of mobile phones in Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda enabled citizen engagement in the digital invented space and, makes it easier in detecting and communicating election fraud data, malpractices and positive electoral incidents. The thesis argues that digital crowdsourcing method which uses digital invented space and hybrid form of crowdmonitors can potentially improve election integrity by mapping contests across the electoral cycle, and complement other traditional observation methods. This research suggests that new digital participatory methods and tools for monitoring and communicating electoral events, create an agenda for electoral reform, sustainable partnerships among election watchdogs, and centralization of observation data in a dedicated digital invented platforms for collaborative production and dissemination of electoral integrity incidents in near real-time.Forschungsgruppe
Die Betreuung erfolgt durch Prof. Dr. Norbert Kersting im Rahmen der Forschungsgruppe Urban and Regional Innovation.
Werdegang
Since October 2014 PhD student, Graduate School of Politics, Münster/Germany - Scholarship awarded by DAAD and Tanzania Ministry of Education and Vocational Training February 2010 – till now Assistant Lecturer, Political Science and Public Administration, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam October 2006 - January 2010 Tutorial Assistant, Political Science and Public Administration, Dar es Salaam University College of Education, University of Dar es Salaam December 2013 – March 2014 Research Assistant to Prof. Ernest T. Mallya, research titled: “Assessment of Policy Slippages and the Delivery of HIV/AIDS Services in Tanzania” Project funded by Irish Aid and the Higher Education Authority of Ireland’s Programme of Strategic Cooperation June 2012 – April 2013 Research Partner, Community-Based Systems in HIV Treatment (CoBaSys) in Tanzania, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Malawi, Botswana and Namibia. Project funded by European Commission October 2013 Co-organizer, one-day workshop on “Public Administration and the Delivery of HIV/AIDS Policies” held at University of Dar es Salaam Business School, 21.10.2013, funded by Irish Aid and Higher Education Authority of Ireland’s Programme of Strategic Cooperation 2011-2013 Research Assistant to Prof. Ernest T. Mallya and Dr. Flora Kessy, research titled: “Pilot Study of the Impact of Tanzania’s Constituency Development Catalyst Fund on Local Government and Local Development in Tanzania”, Phase I & II, under the International Budget Partnership (IBP) 2011-2013 Part-time Lecturer in Political Science, Mkwawa University College of Education October - Nov. 2010 Long-term Constituency Election Observer of Tanzania 2010 General Election. Employed by Tanzania Election Monitoring Committee (TEMCO) October 2007 – December 2009 M.A in Political Science and Public Administration, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Dissertation titled: “Does Usable Research-to-Policy Inform Policy and Decision Making Processes in Tanzania?” Supervised by Prof. Gaspar K. Munishi
September 2002 – June 2006: Bachelor of Arts with Education, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania1998-2000 Advanced Certificate of Secondary Education, Makongo High School, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 1994-1998 Ordinary Certificate of Secondary Education, Uru Secondary School, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania Publications
Journal paper
- 2016: Deodatus P. Shayo: “Facebooking the Tanzanian Elections: Citizen and Party Campaigners in the Social Media Ecosystem”. In: Journal of Education, Humanities & Sciences (JEHS), Vol. 5, No. 1, pp.67-88.
Conference papers
- 2017: Deodatus Patrick Shayo; Norbert Kersting: “Crowdmonitoring of Elections through ICT: The Case of Uchaguzi Wetu 2015 Crowdsourcing Platform in Tanzania”. Peter Parycek and Noella Edelmann (eds.) Proceedings of the 7th International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, 17–19 May 2017, Danube University Krems, Austria, pp. 36–45, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, California. DOI 10.1109/CeDEM.2017.13
- 2017: Deodatus Patrick Shayo: “Crowdsourcing and Digitalization of Electoral Integrity: A Comparative Analysis of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda”. Peter Parycek and Noella Edelmann (eds.) Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, 17-19 May 2017, Danube University Krems, Austria. Edition Donau-Universität Krems, pp. 123-133.
- 2017: Deodatus Patrick Shayo; Norbert Kersting: “Mapping the Internet’s Influence on Electoral Integrity: Evidence from East African Countries”. Paper to be presented at the International Political Science Association, Hannover Conference, 4-6 December 2017 (forthcoming)
- 2017: Neema Eugene Shiyo; Yulli Jeremia Bebia; Deodatus Patrick Shayo: “The Influence of Institutional Design Features on Service Providers’ Response Capacity and Willingness: The Case of Citizens’ Feedback from Sauti za Wananchi in Tanzania”. Paper to be presented at the International Political Science Association, Hannover Conference, 4–6 December 2017 (forthcoming)
- 2016: Deodatus Patrick Shayo; Norbert Kersting: “An Examination of Online Electoral Campaigning in Tanzania”. Peter Parycek and Noella Edelmann (eds.) Proceedings of the 6th International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, 18-20 May 2016, Danube University Krems, Austria, pp. 69-76, IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, California. DOI 10.1109/CeDEM.2016.19
Weiteres
PhD Colloquium
- 2017: International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, 19 May 2017, Danube University Krems, Austria.
Research Methods School- 2016: Summer Methods School: “Comparative Research Designs and Methods”, African Doctoral Academy (ADA), Stellenbosch University, South Africa, 11-15 January 2016.
International conference paper review- 2017: Research paper written by Kirill Filimonov “Performance of Participation on Radical Left-Wing Online Community Platforms”. International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government (CeDEM), 19 May 2017, Danube University Krems, Austria.
Reviewer- 2017: International Conference for E-Democracy and Open Government, Danube University Krems, Austria.
Contribution to workshops- 2016: Deodatus Patrick Shayo: “Crowdsourced Elections Monitoring: A Comparative Study of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda”. Presented at the InterPhD Workshop – Online Participation, Graduate School of Politics, Muenster, Germany, 03 June 2016.
- 2013: Deodatus Patrick Shayo: “Religions and the Response to HIV/AIDS in East and Southern Africa”. Presented at the CoBaSys final meeting, White Sands Hotel, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, 8-9 April 2013. Project funded by European Commission.
- 2012: Deodatus Patrick Shayo: “Community-Based Systems in HIV Treatment: Tanzania Participatory and Reflection Action Results”. Presented at the National Roundtable discussion, Council Chamber, University of Dar es Salaam, 24 September 2012. Project funded by European Commission
Workshops participation- 2016: Electronic Democracy and Education: How to Bridge the Social Divide? World Forum for Democracy - Satellite event organized by Research Group: Urban, Regional Innovation and Internet (URII), Muenster University, Erbdrostenhof, Muenster, Germany, 03 November 2016
- 2016: Online Participation. InterPhD workshop organized by Research Groups: Urban, Regional Innovation and Internet (URII) (Muenster) and Online Participation (Duesseldorf), Graduate School of Politics, Muenster, Germany, 03 June 2016.
- 2015: Internet and Politics: Crowdsourcing and Crowd monitoring. Workshop organized by Research Group: Urban, Regional Innovation and Internet (URII), Muenster University, Academie Frantz Hitze-Haus, Muenster, Germany, 10–11 July 2015
- 2015: NACOSTI Innovation Week – The Role of Science and Technology in the Post 2015 Development Agenda. Organized by the National Commission for Science, Technology and Innovation (NACOSTI), University of Nairobi, Kenya, 11-15 May 2015
Courses taught at the University: 2009 - 2013- PS335: Democracy and Elections
- PS352: Public Human Resource Management
- PS225: Local Government Administration
- PS221: Public Administration
Tutorial/Seminars: 2006-2008- PS113: Government and Politics in Tanzania
- PS110: Introduction to Political Science