The Impact of Periodontitis History on Implant Success Rates and Peri-Implant Health Parameters

Abstract

AIM: This study examines the effect of a history of periodontitis on implant success and peri-implant health, while evaluating maintenance therapies and the type of initial periodontitis. 

METHODS: All longitudinal studies published between 2000 and March 2020, reporting partially dentate patients with treated periodontitis (chronic, moderate or severe) and accessible through Medline and Embase, were included. The evaluation and comparison of clinical parameters were performed for each study, focusing on implant success rate, implant survival, marginal bone level and loss, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, and overall periodontal status.

RESULTS: The search yielded 143 citations, of which 25 publications met the inclusion criteria. There was significant heterogeneity in study design, population, therapy, baseline definitions, and outcomes. The implant success rate was higher in periodontally healthy patients. However, patients with a history of periodontitis exhibited increased marginal bone loss and unfavourable periodontal parameters. Implant failure and biological complications were more common in patients with a history of severe periodontitis.

CONCLUSION: Dental implantation in patients with a history of periodontitis is associated with a higher incidence of peri-implant health complications and lower success rates compared with periodontally healthy patients. Severe periodontal disease and smoking are associated with higher implant failure rates. Factors such as gender, surgical procedures, surgical stages, implant location, loading protocol, implant brand and surface texture, and abutment type have minimal or no significant impact on peri-implant health.