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<address>© Uni MS - K. Kottke</address>
© Uni MS - K. Kottke

New publication: "Twelve Months, Twelve People - Portraits 2023"

With the publication "Twelve Months, Twelve People - Portraits 2023", the Office of Communication and Public Relations introduces some outstanding people of the past year. Based on their expertise, their role at the university and their successes, the people portrayed exemplify the research, teaching and transfer ideas that make up the university of Münster.

<address>© Uni MS - Web und Design</address>
© Uni MS - Web und Design

Evolution

Becoming and passing away, passing on and innovation: evolution is life, and life is constant change - from the single-celled organism Luca 3.6 billion years ago to today, for example, in the face of new climatic challenges. Gradual changes in culture and society are also often referred to as evolution. In a six-month dossier, the Communications and Public Relations department is focussing on one of the most momentous scientific discoveries.

Evolution is researched in a wide variety of disciplines.<address>© alionaprof - stock.adobe.com</address>
© alionaprof - stock.adobe.com

Research into evolution: four questions, four viewpoints

Growth and decay, passing things on and renewal: evolution is life, and life is constant. The word ‘evolution’ is also used to describe gradual changes in culture and society. To start the series off, four researchers from the University of Münster give their views here on the dazzling diversity of evolution and what research has discovered.

Events

Evolution as gradual development is the most common scientific concept for understanding processes.<address>© Uni MS - Web and Design</address>
© Uni MS - Web and Design

A momentous discovery

“I feel as if I’m confessing a murder,” wrote Charles Darwin in his book “On the Origin of Species”, published in 1859. He was evidently aware that his new insights at that time were not only presenting some scientific theory. No, the British naturalist was shaking the prevailing conception of the world.

Using a nanomanipulator and an ultra-fine ion beam, a tiny lamella, about five by ten micrometres in size and only one hundred nanometres thin, is cut out of the meteorite and attached to a sample bar. The scientists can then analyze the organic particles in this lamella under an electron microscope (right).<address>© SuperSTEM Laboratory, Daresbury, UK</address>
© SuperSTEM Laboratory, Daresbury, UK

Cosmic building blocks of life discovered through the electron microscope

Meteorites are fragments of asteroids which find their way to Earth as shooting stars and provide information on the origins of our solar system. A team of researchers has examined the so-called Winchcombe meteorite and demonstrated the existence in it of nitrogen compounds such as amino acids and heterocyclic hydrocarbons – without applying any chemical treatment and by using a new type of detector design.

<address>© istock.com/Petmal</address>
© istock.com/Petmal

Innovative coating technique improves lithium-ion batteries

Nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide cathodes are the most common and versatile active materials for lithium-ion batteries. In a new study, a team of researchers applied an innovative technique for the first time that enables not only direct coating of the cathode but also control of the coating thickness.

A new image video presents the research profile of the University of Münster.<address>© Uni MS</address>
© Uni MS

University of Münster presents research in a new video

A new image video presents the research profile of the University of Münster. In around three and a half minutes, the audience gets to know different areas of research - from basic research to application-oriented projects, the complex challenges of the 21st century that scientists are working on are presented.

The skeletal editing of pyridines is a useful technique in organic synthesis, and one which is promising as regards the development of new drugs. The process resembles an "operation" on a molecule, surgically removing one fragment and skilfully attaching another one.<address>© University of Münster – Studer working group</address>
© University of Münster – Studer working group

Chemical synthesis: new strategy for skeletal editing on pyridines

A team led by Prof. Armido Studer has introduced a strategy for converting carbon-nitrogen atom pairs in a frequently used ring-shaped compound into carbon-carbon atom pairs. The method has potential in the quest for active ingredients for new drugs, for example.

The meter-high rocks discovered in the work are located near the Reiner K crater in the &quot;Reiner Gamma&quot; region, which has a magnetic anomaly.<address>© NASA LRO/NAC</address>
© NASA LRO/NAC

Moon rocks with unique dust found

A research team from the University of Münster has for the first time discovered anomalous meter-sized rocks on the lunar surface that are covered in dust and presumably exhibit unique properties – such as magnetic anomalies. These findings help to understand the processes that form and change the lunar crust. The study has been published in the "Journal of Geophysical Research – Planets".

Digital breast tomosynthesis of the left breast showing a spiculated mass of increased density. Histology: Invasive lobular breast carcinoma grade 2.<address>© Uni MS - ToSyMa</address>
© Uni MS - ToSyMa

Early detection of breast cancer: study confirms the effectiveness of a new approach

Early detection of diseases often improves the chances of recovery, but sometimes also has unwanted side effects: Not everything that is found is life-threatening. TOSYMA, a study on early breast cancer detection, investigated whether the innovative DBT+SM method for early breast cancer detection has such an effect. Conclusion: It confirms the advantages of the approach over standard screening.

The dark areas on the surface of the moon, which we can also recognise from Earth, consist of basalts.<address>© Jasper Berndt-Gerdes</address>
© Jasper Berndt-Gerdes

Scientists unravel the origin of Titanium-rich lunar basalts

An international team of geoscientists from the Universities of Münster and Bristol in England have explained why a large part of the moon is made up of unique rocks that do not occur on Earth. The results have now been published in the scientific journal "Nature Geoscience".

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can result, for example, from experiences of war or repeated abuse.<address>© Malik/peopleimages.com - stock.adobe.com</address>
© Malik/peopleimages.com - stock.adobe.com

Psychotherapy effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder following multiple traumatic events

Psychotherapy is an effective treatment for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following exposure to multiple traumatic events. This is shown by a meta-study by a research group led by psychologists Dr Thole Hoppen and Prof Dr Nexhmedin Morina from the University of Münster, which has now been published in "The Lancet Psychiatry".

The tobacco plants were cultivated in the greenhouse for the tests.<address>© Uni MS - Antje von Schaewen</address>
© Uni MS - Antje von Schaewen

Metabolic alteration to increase the stress tolerance of tobacco plants

The team under Prof. Antje von Schaewen has clarified how modified tobacco plants produce more biomass under stress than the unmodified variety. A modification of the plant’s sugar metabolism resulted in enhanced fatty acid transport from the leaves to the inflorescences and seeds.

The experimental setup - the research team used visible light for photocatalysis.<address>© Uni MS - Fu-Peng Wu</address>
© Uni MS - Fu-Peng Wu

Chemists develop new approach to inserting single carbon atoms

A team of chemists led by Prof. Frank Glorius have presented a new approach in which a single carbon atom is inserted into the carbon skeleton in order to adjust the ring size and to form a new ring. The method could be relevant, for example, for the production of active ingredients in new pharmaceutical products.

AI-based processing of bone-marrow smears to support leukaemia diagnosis. Using so-called unsupervised learning methods, single-cell images (centre) are extracted from extremely high-resolution image data (left). Then, using neural networks, these cell images are examined to check for any visual anomalies which might have a genetic origin. Areas which are important for the decision of the neural network are highlighted in colour by using so-called “explainable AI” strategies (right).<address>© AG Risse</address>
© AG Risse

Leukaemia: artificial intelligence provides support in diagnostics

Decisions on treatment for leukemia patients are based, among other things, on a series of certain genetic features of the disease. IT specialists and physicians at the University of Münster have now published a study showing how a method based on artificial intelligence can be used to predict various genetic features on the basis of high-resolution microscopic images of bone marrow smears.

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