Technical Details
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Cold-seal vessels consist of a vessel manufactured from a superalloy rod with a hole drilled almost through the rod. The end of the vessel with the pressure seal is outside the furnace ("cold-seal"), and is formed by a simple cone seal. The pressure medium is water. Pressure and temperature are controlled by pressure gauges and Ni-Cr-thermocouples. Maximum run temperature and pressure of the Münster cold-seal pressure vessels are 800°C and 5000 bar, respectively. Advantage of the cold-seal vessels is an accurate pressure and temperature control. Disadvantages are inverse relationships between operating temperature und pressure and severe limits of the working temperature range due to external heating of the vessel.
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Applications
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Cold-seal pressure vessels are work-horse upper crust machines as they easily alloy simulation of temperatures and pressures relevant for magmatic and metamorphic processes within the upper crust of the Earth. Research projects at our institute are investigations of melting and differentiation of granites, low temperature / pressure metamorphic phase relation studies, and hydrothermal synthesis of minerals.
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Literature
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- Tuttle, O.F. (1949) Two pressure vessels for silicate-water studies. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 60, 1727-9.
- Luth, W.C. and Tuttle, O.F. (1963) Externally heated-pressure vessels for use to 10,000 bars and 750°C. American Mineralogist, 48, 1401-3.
- Boettcher, A.L. and Kerrick, D.M (1971) Temperature calibration of cold-seal pressure vessels In: Research techniques for high pressure and high temperature, G.C. Ulmer (ed.), 179-93. New York, Springer .
- Williams. (1968) Improved cold seal pressure vessels to operate to 1100°C at 3 kilobars. American Mineralogist, 53, 1765-9.
- Kerrick, D.M (1987) Cold-seal systems. In: Research techniques for high pressure and high temperature, G.C. Ulmer (ed.), 179-93. New York, Springer .
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